Bridging British Education Virtual Academy 伦桥国际教育

1v1 Physics Review - Projectile Motion & Energy 1对1物理复习 - 抛体运动与能量

1. Course Basic Information 1. 课程基本信息

Course Name: 1229 A level Physics 课程名称： A-Level 物理课程 1229

Topic: Review of Projectile Motion Calculations and Aerodynamics Concepts 主题： 抛体运动计算与空气动力学概念回顾

Date: Date Not Specified 日期： 日期未指定

Student: Jackson 学生： Jackson

Teaching Focus 教学重点

Consolidating understanding and calculation techniques for complex projectile motion problems, including velocity vector resolution and energy transfer in resistive motion.

巩固复杂抛体运动问题的理解和计算技巧，包括速度矢量分解和阻力运动中的能量传递。

Teaching Objectives 教学目标

Successfully calculate horizontal distance, final vertical velocity, and impact angle for projectile motion. 成功计算抛体运动中的水平距离、最终垂直速度和撞击角度。
Explain the effect of air resistance on projectile motion (shuttlecock example). 解释空气阻力对抛体运动的影响（以羽毛球为例）。
Apply kinematic equations to solve multi-step past paper problems involving projectiles (cannonball, bullet drop). 应用运动学方程解决涉及抛体运动的多步骤试卷问题（炮弹、子弹下落）。
Determine acceleration from a velocity-time graph and displacement via area under the graph. 从速度-时间图确定加速度，并通过图下面积计算位移。

2. Course Content Overview 2. 课程内容概览

Main Teaching Activities and Time Allocation 主要教学活动和时间分配

Cannonball Projectile Calculation: Reviewing and solving for horizontal distance (156m), cliff height (133m), and impact angle (59.5°) using initial velocity (30m/s) and time of flight (5.2s).

炮弹抛体运动计算： 复习并求解水平距离 (156m)、悬崖高度 (133m) 和撞击角度 (59.5°)，使用初速度 (30m/s) 和飞行时间 (5.2s)。

Aerodynamics and Air Resistance Explanation: Discussing the effect of feathers on a shuttlecock, introducing concepts like air resistance, drag forces, and turbulent flow.

空气动力学和空气阻力解释： 讨论羽毛对羽毛球的影响，引入空气阻力、阻力与湍流等概念。

Past Paper: Cannonball Problem Solving: Solving a past paper question: showing time of flight (3.7s) from height (67m), calculating initial horizontal velocity (40.5 m/s), final vertical velocity (36.3 m/s), and resultant impact velocity/direction.

试卷回顾：炮弹问题求解： 解决试卷题：由高度 (67m) 证明飞行时间 (3.7s)，计算初始水平速度 (40.5 m/s)，最终垂直速度 (36.3 m/s) 和合速度/方向。

Energy Conservation in Projectiles: Describing energy changes (GPE to KE + Thermal energy due to air resistance) and calculating GPE loss.

抛体运动中的能量守恒： 描述能量变化（GPE 转化为 KE + 热能，由于空气阻力）并计算 GPE 损失。

Bullet Drop and Skydiver Graph Analysis: Calculating bullet drop (0.196m) and determining skydiver acceleration (tangent gradient) from the v-t graph.

子弹下落与跳伞者图表分析： 计算子弹下落距离 (0.196m) 并从 v-t 图确定跳伞者的加速度（切线斜率）。

Displacement from V-T Graph & Final Vector Addition: Calculating displacement via area under the graph (approximating squares) and finding velocity magnitude from components (25.1 m/s).

V-T 图位移计算与最终矢量相加： 通过图下面积计算位移（估算方格数）并从分量计算速度大小 (25.1 m/s)。

Long Jumper Problem (Time/Displacement): Calculating time of fall (0.49s) based on vertical drop (1.2m) and subsequent horizontal displacement (4.2m).

跳远运动员问题（时间/位移）： 根据垂直下落高度 (1.2m) 计算下落时间 (0.49s) 和随后的水平位移 (4.2m)。

Language Knowledge and Skills 语言知识与技能

Vocabulary:
Projectile, horizontal distance, vertical velocity, final velocity, vector quantity, Pythagoras, trigonometry, air resistance, friction, thermal energy, turbulence, laminar flow, drag forces, GPE, Kinetic Energy, resultant velocity, magnitude, direction, displacement, tangent, significant figures.

词汇：
抛体, 水平距离, 垂直速度, 最终速度, 矢量, 勾股定理, 三角学, 空气阻力, 摩擦力, 热能, 湍流, 层流, 阻力, 重力势能 (GPE), 动能 (KE), 合速度, 大小, 方向, 位移, 切线, 有效数字。

Concepts:
Independence of horizontal and vertical motion in projectile problems; using kinematic equations (S=UT+0.5AT^2, V=U+AT); concept of terminal velocity/acceleration change due to drag; energy conversion (GPE to KE + heat); reading motion from V-T graphs (gradient=acceleration, area=displacement).

概念：
抛体运动中水平和垂直运动的独立性；使用运动学方程 (S=UT+0.5AT^2, V=U+AT)；由于阻力导致的终端速度/加速度变化概念；能量转换（GPE 转换为 KE + 热量）；从 V-T 图读取运动信息（斜率=加速度，面积=位移）。

Skills Practiced:
Applying 2D kinematic equations, vector resolution (Pythagoras/Trigonometry), interpreting physics diagrams (V-T graphs), showing working for 'Show that' questions, and explaining physical phenomena related to drag forces.

练习技能：
应用二维运动学方程，矢量分解（勾股定理/三角学），解释物理图表（V-T 图），为“证明”题展示运算步骤，以及解释与阻力相关的物理现象。

Teaching Resources and Materials 教学资源与材料

Multiple A-Level Physics Past Paper Questions (various scenarios: cannon, bullet, skydiver, long jumper). 多道 A-Level 物理试卷真题（各种场景：炮弹、子弹、跳伞者、跳远运动员）。
Velocity-Time Graph for Skydiver. 跳伞者的速度-时间图。

3. Student Performance Assessment (Jackson) 3. 学生表现评估 (Jackson)

Participation and Activeness 参与度和积极性

Jackson actively participated by calculating steps out loud and checking calculations. He recalled the formula for displacement from a V-T graph. Jackson 积极参与，大声计算步骤并核对计算结果。他回忆起了 V-T 图的位移计算公式。

Language Comprehension and Mastery 语言理解和掌握

Strong comprehension of standard projectile calculations (e.g., cannonball problem). Showed good recall of formulas. Required slight prompting on the conceptual explanation of air resistance. 对标准抛体计算（如炮弹问题）理解深刻。展示了对公式的良好记忆。在空气阻力概念解释方面需要轻微提示。

Language Output Ability 语言输出能力

Oral: 口语：

Good verbal articulation of calculations. Occasionally used slightly informal physics terms ('triangle' instead of vector diagram) but corrected himself quickly. 口头表达计算过程清晰。偶尔使用略微不正式的物理术语（如用'triangle'代替矢量图），但能迅速自我纠正。

Written: 书面：

N/A (Focus was on oral problem-solving walkthroughs).

不适用（重点是口头问题解决演练）。

Student's Strengths 学生的优势

Proficient in applying standard kinematic equations to solve for time, distance, and velocity components. 熟练应用标准运动学方程来求解时间、距离和速度分量。
Able to correctly interpret and use the structure required for 'Show that' questions in exams. 能够正确理解并运用考试中“证明”题所需的结构。
Successfully recalled methods for finding displacement from area under a V-T graph. 成功回忆起从 V-T 图面积求位移的方法。

Areas for Improvement 需要改进的方面

Conceptual depth regarding non-uniform acceleration (air resistance): Needs firmer grasp on linking friction/drag directly to energy loss (thermal) versus just stating acceleration changes. 对非均匀加速度（空气阻力）的深入理解：需要更扎实地将摩擦力/阻力与能量损失（热能）直接联系起来，而不仅仅是陈述加速度的变化。
Accuracy in reading complex graph scales (e.g., skydiver displacement calculation) requires more systematic estimation techniques. 读取复杂图表刻度（例如跳伞者位移计算）的准确性需要更系统的估算技巧。

4. Teaching Reflection 4. 教学反思

Effectiveness of Teaching Methods 教学方法的有效性

The transition between numerical calculation problems and conceptual explanation (air resistance) was managed well. 数值计算问题与概念解释（空气阻力）之间的过渡处理得当。
Teacher effectively guided the student through complex multi-part past paper questions, emphasizing the need to show all working. 教师有效地引导学生完成了复杂的多部分试卷问题，强调了展示所有工作步骤的必要性。

Teaching Pace and Time Management 教学节奏和时间管理

The pace was appropriately fast given the review nature of the session, covering many problems, but the student remained engaged. 鉴于课程的复习性质，节奏快得适宜，涵盖了许多问题，但学生保持了参与度。

Classroom Interaction and Atmosphere 课堂互动和氛围

Engaged, focused, and highly procedural, reflecting a test preparation environment.

专注、集中且高度注重程序性，体现了应试准备的氛围。

Achievement of Teaching Objectives 教学目标的达成

Most quantitative objectives were achieved successfully through guided practice. 通过指导练习，大部分定量目标得以成功实现。
Conceptual understanding of air resistance requires further reinforcement in the next session. 空气阻力的概念性理解需要在下一节课中得到进一步加强。

5. Subsequent Teaching Suggestions 5. 后续教学建议

Teaching Strengths 教学优势

Identified Strengths: 识别的优势：

Seamless integration of multiple physics topics (kinematics, energy, graphical analysis) within a single session. 在一堂课中无缝整合了多个物理主题（运动学、能量、图表分析）。
Expert guidance in deconstructing complex exam questions step-by-step. 在逐步分解复杂考试问题方面提供了专家指导。

Effective Methods: 有效方法：

Using past paper questions as the primary material for high-stakes exam practice. 使用试卷真题作为高风险考试练习的主要材料。
Explicitly linking formula use to exam requirements (e.g., 'show that' working). 明确将公式使用与考试要求（例如，“证明”的演算过程）联系起来。

Positive Feedback: 正面反馈：

Student confirmed the need to revisit EMF/Potential Difference next time, showing proactive engagement in planning future study. 学生确认了下次需要复习 EMF/电势差，这表明他们积极主动地规划未来的学习。

Next Teaching Focus 下一步教学重点

Electromagnetism: Specifically EMF (Electromotive Force) and Potential Difference, using past paper examination styles. 电磁学：具体关注电动势 (EMF) 和电势差，使用试卷中的考查方式。

Specific Suggestions for Student's Needs 针对学生需求的具体建议

Graphical Analysis & Estimation: 图表分析与估算：

Practice systematically estimating areas under complex curves (like the skydiver's displacement) by defining the value of a standard grid square first. (练习系统地估算复杂曲线下面积（如跳伞者的位移），首先定义标准网格方块的值。) Practice systematically estimating areas under complex curves (like the skydiver's displacement) by defining the value of a standard grid square first.

Conceptual Depth (Resistance): 概念深度（阻力）：

Review the precise energy conversion chain when air resistance is present: GPE -> KE + Thermal Energy (Work Done Against Drag). (复习存在空气阻力时的精确能量转换链：GPE -> KE + 热能（克服阻力所做的功）。) Review the precise energy conversion chain when air resistance is present: GPE -> KE + Thermal Energy (Work Done Against Drag).

Vector Skills: 矢量技能：

Ensure clear distinction between final velocity magnitude and its components, especially when using Pythagoras for the resultant velocity. 确保最终速度大小与其分量之间的清晰区分，尤其是在使用勾股定理计算合速度时。

Recommended Supplementary Learning Resources or Homework 推荐的补充学习资源或家庭作业

Review notes on EMF and Potential Difference. Prepare to solve two related past paper questions on these topics next session. 复习有关电动势和电势差的笔记。准备在下节课解决两个相关的试卷问题。