Bridging British Education Virtual Academy

1. Course Basic Information 1. 课程基本信息

Course Name: A level Physics 课程名称： A Level 物理

Topic: Series Circuits, Potential Dividers, Resistivity Uncertainty, Thermistors, Diodes 主题： 串联电路、分压器、电阻率不确定度、热敏电阻、二极管

Date: December 16 日期： 12月16日

Student: Jackson Tang 学生： Jackson Tang

Teaching Focus 教学重点

Reviewing key concepts in electricity including circuit analysis, uncertainty calculations, and properties of semiconductors (LDR, thermistors).

复习电路学中的关键概念，包括电路分析、不确定度计算以及半导体（LDR、热敏电阻）的特性。

Teaching Objectives 教学目标

To accurately apply the potential divider rule in series circuits. 准确应用串联电路中的分压器规则。
To correctly calculate the greatest source of uncertainty in resistivity measurements. 正确计算电阻率测量中最大的不确定度来源。
To differentiate between the behavior of metallic conductors and semiconductors (LDR, thermistor) regarding temperature dependency. 区分金属导体和半导体（LDR、热敏电阻）在温度依赖性方面的行为差异。

2. Course Content Overview 2. 课程内容概览

Main Teaching Activities and Time Allocation 主要教学活动和时间分配

Series Circuit and Potential Divider Review (Q1): Reviewing the formula for potential difference in a series circuit; emphasizing memorization of the voltage divider formula.

串联电路与分压器复习 (问题1)： 复习串联电路中电势差的公式；强调记忆分压器公式。

LDR and Potential Divider Application (Q2): Analyzing an LDR circuit in daylight vs. total darkness, linking resistance change to voltage share across the components.

LDR与分压器应用 (问题2)： 分析LDR电路在白天和完全黑暗中的情况，将电阻变化与元件上的电压分配联系起来。

EMF vs. Terminal Potential Difference (Q3): Explaining why a voltmeter reading across a component is terminal p.d. rather than EMF, relating it to internal resistance.

电动势与端子电势差 (问题3)： 解释跨元件的电压表读数是端子电势差而非电动势的原因，并与内阻联系起来。

Uncertainty Calculation in Resistivity (Q4): Detailed step-by-step calculation of percentage uncertainties for R, L, and d (doubling uncertainty for the squared term, $R^2$ in Area calculation) to find the greatest source.

电阻率不确定度计算 (问题4)： 详细计算R、L和d的百分比不确定度（对平方项加倍，面积计算中$R^2$），以找出最大的不确定度来源。

Review of Other Topics (Diode, Thermistor): Briefly reviewing diode characteristics and defining the concept of a Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) thermistor.

其他主题回顾 (二极管、热敏电阻)： 简要回顾二极管特性并定义负温度系数（NTC）热敏电阻的概念。

Language Knowledge and Skills 语言知识与技能

Vocabulary:
Series circuit, Potential difference, Resistance, LDR (Light Dependent Resistor), Total darkness, EMF (Electromotive Force), Internal resistance, Resistivity (rho), Ohmmeter, Uncertainty, Cross-sectional area, Thermistor, Semiconductor, Diode, Forward direction, Reverse direction.

词汇：
串联电路，电势差，电阻，光敏电阻，完全黑暗，电动势，内阻，电阻率 (rho)，欧姆表，不确定度，横截面积，热敏电阻，半导体，二极管，正向，反向。

Concepts:
Voltage Divider Rule, Proportionality ($V \propto R$ in series), Uncertainty Propagation (doubling for squared terms), Behavior of NTC Thermistors (Resistance decreases as T increases), EMF vs Terminal PD.

概念：
分压器规则，比例关系（串联中 $V \propto R$），不确定度传播（平方项需不确定度加倍），NTC热敏电阻的行为（温度升高时电阻减小），电动势与端子电势差。

Skills Practiced:
Applying physics formulae, Quantitative uncertainty analysis (percentage error calculation), Conceptual understanding of semiconductor physics, Circuit reading and analysis.

练习技能：
应用物理公式，定量不确定度分析（百分比误差计算），半导体物理的概念理解，电路读取和分析。

Teaching Resources and Materials 教学资源与材料

Past Paper Questions (A-Level Physics) 历年试题 (A Level 物理)

3. Student Performance Assessment (Jackson Tang) 3. 学生表现评估 (Jackson Tang)

Participation and Activeness 参与度和积极性

Student actively participated by verbally answering complex questions, especially numerical ones. 学生积极参与，对复杂的数值问题口头作答。
Demonstrated good engagement, even when needing prompts to recall specific rules (e.g., uncertainty doubling). 表现出良好的投入度，即使在需要提示来回忆特定规则时（如不确定度加倍）。

Language Comprehension and Mastery 语言理解和掌握

Strong grasp of the potential divider concept, correctly identifying voltage sharing based on resistance. 对分压器概念有很好的掌握，能根据电阻正确判断电压分配。
Showed excellent recall regarding the relationship between temperature and resistance in semiconductors, although initial confusion with metals was present. 对半导体的温度与电阻关系有很好的记忆，尽管初期对金属的混淆存在。

Language Output Ability 语言输出能力

Oral: 口语：

Clear articulation of physical principles when prompted. 在被提问时，能清晰地阐述物理原理。
Occasional hesitation when transitioning between complex calculation steps. 在复杂计算步骤转换时偶有停顿。

Written: 书面：

N/A (Primarily oral Q&A and calculation demonstration)

不适用（主要为口头问答和计算演示）

Student's Strengths 学生的优势

Excellent numeracy skills demonstrated in the uncertainty calculation, correctly identifying the percentage calculation method. 在不确定度计算中展现了出色的数字能力，正确识别了百分比计算方法。
Quickly understood and applied the relationship between LDR resistance and voltage in the dark. 快速理解并应用了黑暗中LDR电阻与电压之间的关系。
Accurately defined the difference between EMF and terminal potential difference by referencing internal resistance. 通过提及内阻，准确定义了电动势和端子电势差之间的区别。

Areas for Improvement 需要改进的方面

Needs consistent reinforcement of uncertainty propagation rules, especially remembering to double the uncertainty for squared terms derived from a measured quantity (like Area from Diameter). 需要持续巩固不确定度传播规则，特别是记住对于由测量量派生的平方项（如面积来自直径），需要将不确定度加倍。
Must clearly articulate the definition/reasoning behind using specific uncertainty values (e.g., why resistance uncertainty is 0.1 Ohm). 必须清晰阐述使用特定不确定度值背后的定义/原因（例如，为什么电阻的不确定度是0.1欧姆）。

4. Teaching Reflection 4. 教学反思

Effectiveness of Teaching Methods 教学方法的有效性

The teacher effectively used worked examples from past papers to link theory to exam requirements. 教师有效地利用了历年试题中的例题，将理论与考试要求联系起来。
The teacher successfully guided the student through the complex steps of uncertainty analysis by breaking down the proportionalities. 教师通过分解比例关系，成功引导学生完成了复杂的不确定度分析步骤。

Teaching Pace and Time Management 教学节奏和时间管理

The pace was generally fast, suitable for reviewing multiple topics, but the uncertainty section required significant dedicated time. 节奏总体较快，适合复习多个主题，但对不确定度部分需要大量专门时间。
Good recovery after spending extended time on the uncertainty calculation, smoothly transitioning to the final concept checks. 在不确定度计算上花费较长时间后，恢复良好，顺利过渡到最后的知识点检查。

Classroom Interaction and Atmosphere 课堂互动和氛围

Engaged, focused, and constructive. The teacher used positive reinforcement throughout.

专注、投入且具有建设性。教师全程使用了积极的强化鼓励。

Achievement of Teaching Objectives 教学目标的达成

Objective 1 (Potential Divider) achieved well through practice problems. 目标1（分压器）通过练习题得到了很好的达成。
Objective 2 (Uncertainty) partially achieved; the process was understood, but consistent recall of rules needs drilling. 目标2（不确定度）部分达成；过程被理解，但规则的持续回顾需要加强练习。
Objective 3 (Semiconductors) was initiated, requiring further direct focus in the next session. 目标3（半导体）已开始着手，需要在下一课时进行更直接的重点关注。

5. Subsequent Teaching Suggestions 5. 后续教学建议

Teaching Strengths 教学优势

Identified Strengths: 识别的优势：

Excellent scaffolding during the uncertainty calculation, ensuring the student understood the 'why' behind the steps. 在不确定度计算过程中提供了出色的支架式教学，确保学生理解步骤背后的原因。
Effective use of probing questions to check deeper conceptual understanding (e.g., EMF vs Terminal PD). 有效运用探究性问题来检验更深层次的概念理解（例如，电动势与端子电势差）。

Effective Methods: 有效方法：

Connecting LDR/Potential Divider behavior to real-world applications (garden nightlight). 将LDR/分压器的行为与现实应用（花园夜灯）联系起来。
Clearly contrasting metallic conductors with semiconductors when discussing thermistors. 在讨论热敏电阻时，清晰地对比了金属导体和半导体的区别。

Positive Feedback: 正面反馈：

Teacher praised the student's excellent numeracy and hard work. 教师表扬了学生的出色数字能力和勤奋。

Next Teaching Focus 下一步教学重点

Thorough review of Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) thermistors and their application in circuits. 彻底复习负温度系数（NTC）热敏电阻及其在电路中的应用。
Further practice with uncertainty propagation problems, including combination/division of variables. 进一步练习不确定度传播问题，包括变量的组合/除法。

Specific Suggestions for Student's Needs 针对学生需求的具体建议

Uncertainty & Calculation: 不确定度与计算：

Create a rule sheet specifically for propagation of uncertainty, focusing on powers ($A \propto X^n$, uncertainty $\times n$). Review this before the next numerical paper practice. 专门为不确定度传播制定一个规则表，重点关注指数（$A \propto X^n$，不确定度 $\times n$）。在下次数值试题练习前复习此表。
Practice determining the absolute uncertainty ($\pm$ smallest division) from measuring instruments listed in exam questions (e.g., ohm meter reading to $\pm 0.1 \Omega$). 练习从考试题目中列出的测量仪器确定绝对不确定度（$\pm$ 最小刻度）（例如，欧姆表读数到 $\pm 0.1 \Omega$）。

Physics Concepts (Semiconductors): 物理概念 (半导体)：

Research and summarize the key differences in conduction mechanisms between metals and NTC semiconductors for tomorrow's session. 为明天的课程预习，研究并总结金属和NTC半导体在导电机制上的关键区别。

Recommended Supplementary Learning Resources or Homework 推荐的补充学习资源或家庭作业

Prepare a detailed explanation comparing metallic conductors and NTC thermistors based on free electron availability and energy input required. 准备一份详细的解释，比较金属导体和NTC半导体在自由电子可用性和所需能量输入方面的差异。