Bridging British Education Virtual Academy 伦桥国际教育

1v1 Economics Lesson - Globalization and Comparative Advantage 1对1 经济学课程 - 全球化与比较优势

1. Course Basic Information 1. 课程基本信息

Course Name: A level Economics 课程名称： A-Level 经济学

Topic: Globalization and Comparative/Absolute Advantage 主题： 全球化与比较/绝对优势

Date: Date not specified in audio 日期： 录音中未明确说明日期

Student: Rory 学生： Rory

Teaching Focus 教学重点

Reviewing key concepts in Globalization, its causes and impacts, and introducing the theories of Absolute and Comparative Advantage.

复习全球化的关键概念、成因和影响，并介绍绝对优势和比较优势理论。

Teaching Objectives 教学目标

Review the definition and various aspects of globalization (trade, soft power, tourism, etc.). 复习全球化的定义和各个方面（贸易、软实力、旅游等）。
Discuss contemporary trends opposing globalization, such as protectionism and Brexit. 讨论反对全球化的当代趋势，如保护主义和脱欧。
Analyze the impacts of globalization on consumers, workers, governments, and the environment. 分析全球化对消费者、工人、政府和环境的影响。
Define and differentiate between Absolute Advantage and Comparative Advantage, emphasizing the importance of Comparative Advantage. 定义并区分绝对优势和比较优势，强调比较优势的重要性。

2. Course Content Overview 2. 课程内容概览

Main Teaching Activities and Time Allocation 主要教学活动和时间分配

Introduction and Student Check-in: Teacher checks in with the student; the student mentions feeling slightly sick.

介绍与学生状态确认： 老师与学生交流；学生提到自己身体不适。

Topic Selection and Confirmation: Teacher and student confirm the focus on Macroeconomics, starting with Globalization.

主题选择与确认： 师生确认重点为宏观经济学，从全球化开始。

Globalization Definition and Causes: Discussion on globalization beyond trade (tourism, soft power); teacher explains its role in development (e.g., China). Causes discussed: transport, technology, trade liberalization, finance, TNCs.

全球化定义与成因： 讨论超越贸易的全球化（旅游、软实力）；老师解释其在发展中的作用（如中国）。讨论了成因：交通、技术、贸易自由化、金融、跨国公司。

Anti-Globalization Trends: Discussion on potential post-globalization era, protectionism (tariffs), and Brexit as counter-trends. Student provides basic reasoning for protectionism.

反全球化趋势： 讨论潜在的后全球化时代、保护主义（关税）和脱欧等反趋势。学生对保护主义提供了基本解释。

Impacts of Globalization (Consumers & Workers): Analyzing impacts on consumers (lower prices) and workers (immigration effects, wage competition). Used a labor market diagram to illustrate wage decrease from increased labor supply due to immigration (Brexit context).

全球化的影响（消费者与工人）： 分析对消费者的影响（价格更低）和对工人的影响（移民影响，工资竞争）。使用劳动力市场图表说明移民增加（脱欧背景）导致的工资下降。

Impacts of Globalization (Government & Environment): Discussed government benefits (tax revenue from exports) and disadvantages (receiving countries facing domestic company decline). Environmental impact focused on increased pollution/resource depletion.

全球化的影响（政府与环境）： 讨论了政府的利益（出口带来的税收）和劣势（接收国国内公司衰退）。环境影响侧重于污染和资源枯竭的增加。

Impacts of Globalization (Producers & Economic Growth): Impacts on producers (more markets vs. increased competition). Discussed FDI, technology transfer, and soft power effects (UK education/culture). Spain's tourism sector used as an example.

全球化的影响（生产者与经济增长）： 对生产者的影响（更多市场 vs. 竞争加剧）。讨论了外国直接投资（FDI）、技术转移和软实力影响（英国教育/文化）。以西班牙的旅游业为例。

Cultural Homogenization Discussion: Brief discussion on cultural similarity (Netflix, social media) and whether it leads to cultural loss or reduces conflict.

文化同质化讨论： 简要讨论文化相似性（Netflix、社交媒体）及其是否导致文化流失或减少冲突。

Introduction to Absolute and Comparative Advantage: Defined Absolute Advantage. Used PPF diagrams (China vs. Spain) to illustrate Comparative Advantage based on opportunity cost. Concluded that every country has a comparative advantage.

绝对优势与比较优势介绍： 定义了绝对优势。使用生产可能性前沿（PPF）图表（中国与西班牙）说明基于机会成本的比较优势。总结了每个国家都具有比较优势。

Language Knowledge and Skills 语言知识与技能

Vocabulary:
Globalization, Export-led growth, Soft power, Protectionism, Tariff, Post-globalization, Labor market, Immigration, Sweatshop, Transnational Corporations (TNCs), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Pollution, Resource depletion, Tourism (as an export), Comparative Advantage, Absolute Advantage, Opportunity Cost, PPF (Production Possibility Frontier).

词汇：
全球化, 出口导向型增长, 软实力, 保护主义, 关税, 后全球化, 劳动力市场, 移民, 血汗工厂, 跨国公司 (TNCs), 外国直接投资 (FDI), 污染, 资源枯竭, 旅游业（作为出口）, 比较优势, 绝对优势, 机会成本, 生产可能性前沿 (PPF)。

Concepts:
Trade liberalization, Wage determination via supply/demand in labor market, Opportunity cost calculation (slope of PPF transition), Economic efficiency through specialization.

概念：
贸易自由化, 劳动力市场中的工资决定（供需）, 机会成本计算（PPF斜率）, 通过专业化实现经济效率。

Skills Practiced:
Conceptual application, Diagram interpretation (Labor Market, PPF), Explaining economic reasoning, Engaging in structured debate.

练习技能：
概念应用, 图表解读（劳动力市场、PPF）, 解释经济学推理, 参与结构化讨论。

Teaching Resources and Materials 教学资源与材料

Whiteboard/Screen sharing for drawing PPF diagrams for Spain and China. 白板/屏幕共享，用于绘制西班牙和中国的PPF图表。
Conceptual examples (China's growth, Brexit context, Spain's tourism). 概念性案例（中国增长、脱欧背景、西班牙旅游业）。

3. Student Performance Assessment (Rory) 3. 学生表现评估 (Rory)

Participation and Activeness 参与度和积极性

Participation was steady, though slightly subdued due to the student feeling unwell. 参与度稳定，但由于学生身体不适，略显低沉。
Student engaged well in discussing the socio-political aspects of globalization (Brexit). 学生在讨论全球化的社会政治方面（脱欧）时表现良好。

Language Comprehension and Mastery 语言理解和掌握

Strong recall regarding the negative consequences of immigration on low-skilled wages (Supply shift). 对移民对低技能工资的负面影响（供给移动）的记忆牢固。
Initial difficulty grasping the geometric representation of Comparative Advantage (opportunity cost changes on the PPF slope), but grasped the core concept by the end. 初步难以理解比较优势的几何表示（PPF斜率上的机会成本变化），但在最后掌握了核心概念。

Language Output Ability 语言输出能力

Oral: 口语：

Clarity of speech was slightly affected by illness, but explanations remained coherent. 说话的清晰度因生病而略有影响，但解释仍然连贯。
Student required prompting for initial recall on concepts like FDI and PPP, but built upon teacher guidance effectively. 学生需要引导才能回忆起FDI和PPP等概念，但能有效地根据老师的指导进行拓展。

Written: 书面：

N/A (Focus was on conceptual discussion and diagram interpretation).

不适用（重点是概念讨论和图表解读）。

Student's Strengths 学生的优势

Good understanding of the link between immigration, labor supply, and wage determination. 对移民、劳动力供给和工资决定之间联系的理解良好。
Ability to identify various facets of globalization beyond simple trade statistics (e.g., soft power, tourism). 能够识别除简单贸易数据以外的全球化多个方面（例如，软实力、旅游业）。
Understood the crucial takeaway that every country possesses a comparative advantage. 理解了每个国家都拥有比较优势这一关键要点。

Areas for Improvement 需要改进的方面

Needs further practice in precisely defining and applying 'Opportunity Cost' in the context of PPF shifts for Comparative Advantage. 需要在比较优势的PPF转移背景下，精确定义和应用'机会成本'进行进一步练习。
Recall on specific macroeconomic terms like FDI needed reinforcement. 对外国直接投资（FDI）等特定宏观经济术语的记忆需要加强。

4. Teaching Reflection 4. 教学反思

Effectiveness of Teaching Methods 教学方法的有效性

The teacher skillfully managed the topic shift while accommodating the student's low energy level. 老师巧妙地管理了主题转换，同时顾及到学生精力不佳的状态。
Effective use of real-world examples (Brexit, China, Spain) to anchor abstract economic theories. 有效利用现实世界案例（脱欧、中国、西班牙）来锚定抽象的经济学理论。

Teaching Pace and Time Management 教学节奏和时间管理

Pace was appropriately slowed down when introducing Comparative Advantage, especially when drawing diagrams. 在介绍比较优势时，尤其是绘图时，教学节奏被适当地放慢了。
The discussion flowed well, spending sufficient time on the complex impacts section. 讨论流畅，在复杂的“影响”部分花费了足够的时间。

Classroom Interaction and Atmosphere 课堂互动和氛围

Supportive and encouraging, despite the student's slight indisposition. The teacher ensured minimal pressure during questioning.

支持性和鼓励性，尽管学生略有不适。老师确保提问时压力最小化。

Achievement of Teaching Objectives 教学目标的达成

Globalization concepts were thoroughly covered. 全球化概念得到了彻底覆盖。
Absolute and Comparative Advantage were introduced, with the core concept clearly conveyed. 绝对优势和比较优势已介绍，核心概念传达清晰。

5. Subsequent Teaching Suggestions 5. 后续教学建议

Teaching Strengths 教学优势

Identified Strengths: 识别的优势：

Excellent scaffolding when explaining the complex transition from Absolute to Comparative Advantage using visual aids (PPF). 在利用视觉辅助工具（PPF）解释从绝对优势到比较优势的复杂过渡时，提供了出色的脚手架式教学。
Probing questions effectively elicited student thinking, even when the student was not feeling well. 探究性问题有效地引发了学生的思考，即使在学生身体不适的情况下也是如此。

Effective Methods: 有效方法：

Using the labor market diagram to explain real-world consequences of immigration on wages. 使用劳动力市场图表来解释移民对工资的现实后果。
Segregating the discussion into clear stakeholder groups (Consumers, Workers, Govt, Environment, Producers). 将讨论区分为清晰的利益相关者群体（消费者、工人、政府、环境、生产者）。

Positive Feedback: 正面反馈：

The teacher was very accommodating regarding the student's health condition and adjusted the lesson accordingly. 老师非常照顾到学生的健康状况，并相应地调整了课程。

Next Teaching Focus 下一步教学重点

Deep dive into Comparative Advantage (calculating opportunity cost numerically and applying to more complex models). 深入研究比较优势（进行机会成本的数值计算并应用于更复杂的模型）。
Patterns of Trade and Terms of Trade. 贸易模式和贸易条件。

Specific Suggestions for Student's Needs 针对学生需求的具体建议

Economic Theory Application: 经济理论应用：

Rory needs to fully internalize the relationship between the slope of the PPF and the opportunity cost to master Comparative Advantage. Rory 需要完全内化 PPF 斜率与机会成本之间的关系，以便掌握比较优势。

Macro Concepts Reinforcement: 宏观概念强化：

Review definitions and importance of FDI, MNCs, and trade terms for essay integration. 复习外国直接投资（FDI）、跨国公司（MNCs）和贸易术语的定义和重要性，以便融入论文写作。

Recommended Supplementary Learning Resources or Homework 推荐的补充学习资源或家庭作业

Review textbook section on Comparative Advantage, focusing on opportunity cost calculations. 复习教材中关于比较优势的部分，重点关注机会成本的计算。
Find one recent news article discussing a current trade dispute (e.g., US/China tariffs) and identify how it relates to the concepts of Absolute/Comparative Advantage. 找一篇关于当前贸易争端（例如，美/中关税）的最新新闻文章，并确定它与绝对/比较优势概念有何关联。