Right. Let's get started then. So last time we looked at. Editing and evaluating. So let me bring that up. Did any of you have a chance to do your homework? So that was either the nonfiction writing or finishing the story about Percy and creating your own story. Did anyone have a go? No pe, okay, I have no time no time, okay, so that's fine, right? Let's. Let us get started then. So let's we are ending our unit, ending unit six. So let's recap what we have learned so far. Actually, I can tell you what we've learned so far. We have learned. We have learned. So we started off with inverted commas, so speech Marks. Then we went on to subordinate junctions, conjunctions, sorry, then paragraphs, nonfiction writing, editing, and then finally editing and evaluating. So we're practicing some very high level skills. Yeah. Hi, jackney. Okay, can you hear me now? I think your microro is muted. Your your okay. Let's hope he figures it out. I can hear you. Can you hear me? I can hear you now. Can you hear me? I can't hear you. I can't hear you. Okay, right. Can Leo and Thomas, can you hear me? Yes, okay. Do you want to try? Leaving and then coming back. I don't know what else I can suggest. Okay, let's hope he this, we can figure this out. So can you hear me now? Yes, yes, yes, sorry, Jackson, can you hear me? Okay, let's hope that this solves itself just okay, let me it's right for you too, Leo and Thomas. Have a read of this paragraph. This is a non this is an example of some nonfiction, but it's got a lot of mistakes. So see if you can find the mistakes. See if you can have a rethrough find the mistakes while I try and help Jackson嗯。Is you hear me now? Okay, can you hear me now? Okay, I think, I think you can hear me. I can. You can or you can't. Put your thumb up if you can hear me. Jackson, okay, perfect, right. Sorry, Thomas, what were you saying? We are looking for some mistakes there. It is like like to have like found a mistake after these. The paragraph, yes. So tell me, where have you found a mistake? Thomas, where have you found a mistake yesterday? Is capital, it is, it is first at the sentence and pop town about b. I is I think Bob townspehave to capital. You're absolutely right. I think that's a thing. You're absolutely right. I am just going to correct it on this because it's slightly more zoomed in. I can see a bit better. Okay, super. So you're absolutely right. This has to be a capital letter. This has to be a cataloletter as well. So we spotted our first couple mistakes. Can you spot any more. So something wrong with the capital letters, commas, something like that. Jackson, we're just looking for mistakes in this paragraph. See if we can find anywhere where we've missed our capital letters or full stops or question Marks or apostrophes, anything like that. Leo, can you spot a mistake? Before it was at a comma. Actually, we can we do need to add a piece of punctution here, but it's something stronger than a comma. We need a, we don't need just a pause in our speaking. We need a stop. What do I need to add? Lewhat do you think. Or Jackson, what do you think you've got your hand up? Comment? Not quite a common. We need something stronger. I follow. This is our comma. Oh, I think your WiFi is too bad. I can't quite hear you. As a reminder of the punctuation we've got, we've got a comma, a full stop, an exclamation mark. Who knows what this symbol is? Remarks, super question mark here. You're right there. You've spotted that we need piece punctuation, but we need a full stop because the sentence is over. I'll help you out with a couple of these, because they're a little bit challenexit. Yesterday, botownns bobarbarians, this is the name of the sports team. And generally when you have names like this, it's quite common to capitalize each word. So yesterday, Bobtown's bobarbarians secured an excellent victory against we've got another name to what needs to happen here. Thomas, what do you think capital super should I capitalize? Just say that again. And what is the. Secured it means secured means like one so they or they got hold of so they secured an excellent it victory. So they won against the red fills. Do I need to add more commas to this? Sorry, more cattle letters to this? Yes. R is absolutely right because it's it's the name of the sports team. Generally with these types of names, we capitalize each word. Leo, can you spot another mistake? The eye is capital. Why is it capital? Because it's starting off our sentence. Super good spot. It was a close race, with the final results coming in just seconds apart. When I asked about her teaens latest victory, Bobby Bob said, can you spot any more mistakes here? Tell us what you think. You have a speech, mark, after say means I will, I should become a capital super, really, really good spot. And success after the success bemark, we could put it there, but we look the next one after it is an I. So she's still talking, she's still saying, aye. Well, yes, a capyeah. Can everyone hear me? Yes, okay, super. Well, Jackson, can you hear me? Because I think you've both got quite bad WiFi at the moment, so it might be a little bit more challenging. So I'm hoping you can both hear me or all of you can hear me. So Thomas, you're doing great so far. We're thinking about where our next speech mark should go. We thought it could go here, but she's still talking in the first person. She's still saying I so I'm going to tell you that the speech mark, she's talking for a bit longer than this. Where do we think the speech mark should end? Leo, do you have an idea about where the speech mark should end? It starts here. After the two super, after the two excellent. So after the two great. We've got a lot of speech here and we've got a couple more mistakes in her speech and just before her speech. So I'm gonna to say let's start from here again and keep going. So it was a close race with the final results coming in just seconds apart. I'm going to tell you that we need a piece of punctuation after the word apart, after this word here. What punctuation do we think we need? Hello, not quite a comma. We need something a bit stronger. We need a stop, not just a pause like a dress. Have a look. If it's is it? Is it written in Green here? Yes. See if you can find the word here. Jackson, what's your question or what you want to add? Jackson, can you hear me? I think Jackson Yeah, I think your wife boy's gone again. Okay, so we need a Jackson, can you hear me stop I? You can't hear me. Okay? You're right. We do need a full stop here now. Jackson, I think that might be because your WiFi is so bad. If Thomas can hear me, it's not. I don't know what else to do. So maybe you can listen to the recording afterwards. Can you hear me now? Yes, I okay, right. Let's hope it seems like that. So we just added in a full stop here, what needs to come after a full stop? Always, always, always capital super capital letter. When that, when I asked her about her team's latest victory, Bobby Bob said, there's something else wrong with this sentence. Who can spot it? It's before her speech is so what? We super absolutely right. So this is a name. We know that because she's kind of saying something and it's her first name and her surname. So they both have to be capitals. Super. We're doing a good job so far. She said, I can't believe it. My team are the absolute best. There's something wrong with this. Who can spot it, Leo, what do you think? Between n and t as the atmosphere super, she needs an apostrophe. This is a contraction, so shortening. So we need that apostrophe to make sense. So I can't believe it. My team are the absolute best. I will tell you that there should be a piece of punctuation in here to finish that thought. I'll tell you that one piece of punctuation that could work. She's imagine she's very excited. What punctuation do we use to show when a character is excited? It will be one of these here. So we're looking for a piece of punctuation that shows our character who's speaking is really excited. Maybe she's shouting it. Right? I will help you out. Jackson. What you think really? Your microphone is muted, Dave, yes, you've spotted something as well. What should go in between the y and the v? Can you remember what it's called? Need apostrophe. Super. Well done. You've spotted another contraction for shortening. Excellent. We need an apostrophe here. We need something here. I'll tell you. We need an exclamation mark. We need something. We could use a full stop, but an exclamation mark works really well here. After this piece of punctuation, what needs to happen to this letter here? What needs to happen to this word? Happy letter. It needs a capital letter. So she's saying my team are the absolute best. You're absolutely right. There should be another piece of punctuation after best, who can spot it? Me. You're looking for full stop. Excellent. This character, they're saying a lot of short sentences. So after a full stop, what should come after a full stop? You can tell me a major super well done. They've been training so hard for this and definitely deserve the success. Excellent. I think that making the switch from dessert spoons, two tablespoon, sorry, to soup spoons has made a massive difference too. Excellent. We've got something missing here, you can tell me. So we've finished that thought. We need to do something to this letter. The letter. Super. Thank you. Whoever said that, sorry, I didn't quite see the excellent capital letter. The next competition for Bobby, why you step in here? Letter super. Can you tell me why we need to capital the letter here? God is the name. Great. You three are doing excellent thing. So the next competition for Bobby and the team is coming up on Saturday. I'll tell you Saturday. It's the name of day. It's a proper noun. So what do you do? Excellent. Another catletter. And obviously, Yeah what needs to happen to obviously all is capital. You are all doing really well, obviously will well be right here reporting for you. So I'll tell you, we've got a fronted adverbial here. So we've gone adverbs starting the sentence. When we have adverbs that start sentence, what comes after the adverb? We need a way of kind of pausing after we say it, that obviously pause will be right here reporting for you. What piece of punctuation tells us we need to pause? Say that again. B, Oh, sorry, say that once more. A verb. Verb not verb. This is an adverb. This is an adverb. That's the type of word it is. So obviously is an adverb. It is an adverb. After we have an adverb, that's start sentence. It's called afffronted adverbial. It's at the beginning, at the front. After our fronted adverbial, we need a piece of puntuation to tell us to pause. Obviously pause will be right here reporting for you. What punctuation? So what one of these tells us we need to pause. Is it going to be. I'll help you out here. We need a comma afterwards. It's just a rule in English after you're from cerverbial, you need to pause. A pause is shown by a comma. So obviously comma will. This word here is meant to be saying we will not will, which what it's currently saying, it's meant to be saying we will. What do I need to add so that it says we will? Three super. Where should the apostrophigo? Super. We need an apostrophe. Super, obviously, we'll be right here reporting for you. Who knew that Egan spoon racing could be this exciting? So we need two more pieces of punctuation here. Who can tell me what we need? Thomas, what do you think? After you comma and not quite comma, we need something stronger. We need a stop. Oh, full stop. Super. And what and the k is capital. Excellent. I can hear that a couple of you knew that. And after, after, if you pause that on pause, papause Jackson, what do you want to say? You had your hand out. What would you like after the exciting? After exciting, full stop. Yes, we could definitely use a full stop. And Oh, sorry, I realii've made a mistake here. It should be reporting for you full stop. Then capital letter. Who knew? Sorry, that was my bad. I did it wrong. So reporting for you full stop. Who knew the egg and spoon racing could be this exciting? We do need a piece of punctuation here, but it's super well done. There we go. It wasn't that obvious because I misplaced the full stop. But it starts with who? It's a question. So we need a question mark. Excellent. That was very tricky. Punctuation is one of the most difficult bits in English. It's one of the bits that people get wrong a lot. So you've done excellent ently too. Remember all of that super right? Let's have a go at no, here. Let's have a go at some questions about. Punctuation and inverted commas. So I'm going to give you access to the pen. Who can put a tick in the box that has the question mark in it? So I'm going to let you all do that. You've all got access to the pen and you should put a tick in the box with the question mark in it. Or if you can't do that, tell me, is it going to be one, two, three or four? So Jackson thinks it's for who did the orange? Sorry, I didn't quite see. Thomas thinks it's for there what you think. So ping are all absolutely correct. So we've got a question mark, a super super. You all know. All absolutely right. We've got a question mark. This is an exclamation mark. If you can tell me what is this? I'm not super. And who can tell me what's this? Stop. Super, super, super. So we're going to practice using our inverted commas. So those are our speech Marks that go around what someone is around the words that someone is saying. Okay, Thomas, I'll let you do the first one. Where do you think I should put my or where do you where should you put the inverted commas or speech Marks or example a, where do you want to put that. A where where should you put the, do you want to I've got you. I've give them access to the pen. Did you want to place where you think they should go? Great. Super. Excellent. Oh no, no. Suppose that you have done that. Super. That is exactly where they should go. So after the comma here, and then after the full stop here, excellent. Leo, could you do the next one for me or give you access to the pen? Could you put in where you think the speech Marks should go? Excellent. So it's it is before the I and after this comma here. Jackson, it's a great work. Leo Jackson, I'm afraid I've given you a difficult one. Do you think you could do the last one for me? We need a couple more speech Marks. You're halfway there. You're super, super close. You've got this bit absolutely perfect. I'm just gonna rub yours out just so we can see it a bit more clearly. But you put the speech Marks at the end of the sentence and the beginning of this bit. So after this second comma, perfect. That's exactly what we should do. Your first set of speech Marks started exactly right here. I'm just, but it's these ones here. Where should they go? Excellent. Super. So this is an example of using speech Marks, where in the middle of the speech we've got who is saying it? We've got more information. So I'm very tired, the girl said, of eating all this chocolate. Super, super, super. All right. How much time do you have left? Okay, great. Let's think so. Let's. A look at this one. Let's have a look at the character of Zach. So we could start this sentence off by saying sorry. Okay, so let's imagine this. So I've just rewritten what his speech is. Try and let's try and use this to make a full sentence. So we need speech Marks and we need something about who is saying this. So said or shouted. How can I make this sentence into a full sentence? What do I need? To add. Where? Do I want the comma? Yeah, not let's we could use a comma. What's an easier place to start? What does all speech need? Marks speech. Marks, where should my speech Marks go? Before the this and after the life. Before this and after the exclamation point. Now who's saying this? So this Zach super. So let's start Zach and give me a verb. Is he whispering like this quietly? Is he shouting really loudly? Is he just saying words? Is he just speaking normally? How is he saying it? What verb can we use? Me whisper means a talk really quietly like this whisper quiet. What is shouting is talking really loudly and projecting your voice of being loud. So you can whisper, you can shout, you can scream. I shouting. You think he's shouting? I would agree. So zshouted, we are almost there to creating a full sentence. I just need now two more pieces of punctuation. Who can spot where they should go. Leo, can you tell me after the shot? Teadd, the comma. Perfect. Excellent. We're introducing that he's speaking. One of the ways we do this is with a comma. I need something else. As you know, I don't I only need that super. So that would be a perfect, perfectly punctuated sentence. Super. What if I wanted a sentence where. Where? The speaking is interrupted, so it stops in the middle. So let's, I will give you the first half. So let's say let me give you the first half, and you can tell me how to puntuate it. So this is the first day. So I want these to be split into two, very much like this example here. Okay. So this is what we're aiming for. What do I need to add to this sentence? There it. Tell me before this, add the speech Marks and speech mark, and after at the beach mark and. After day, where else do I need speech Marks? And before off and mark and life super. So we've got all our speech Marks. What else do I need? Who's speaking and how are they saying it? Promise, your microphone is muted, but I think I saw you melthere microphone. You need to unmute your microphone. Ach, is shouting. Zach is shouting. Where should I put? Zach shouted. Should I put it? Yeah, between super, between the two sentences. We're very close. We need to add in a little bit more punctuation. You can tell me where I need more punctuation. After the after, after the yes, Zach shouted, where else do I need a piece of punctuation? Have a look at c and have a look at where the punctuation is. After the d. So after here, where else do I need it in this? We're very close. I need to add one more comma in. After the day, super excellent. If you see here, we've got a piece of notes, right? You see it here, we've got a piece of punctuation off just before the end of the speech Marks. In English, you tend to always need a piece of punctuation before the speech Marks. So it can be whatever punctuation you want or you need, but it's quite we don't end a speech mark with just a speech mark. We need a piece punctuation in before then super right. Then we had a look at see a very good at conctutration. So then we looked at clauses that a clause is a group of words that has a subject and a verb. So the verb is what is being done. So running, jumping is was, and the subject is the person or thing that's doing it. So the dog is jumping. She is blonde. So there are two types of clauses, and independent clause and a subordinate clause. So independent means it can do it by itself, and subordinate means it's supporting. So it can't exist by itself. It won't make sense. We'll have a look at some examples. So if you were to write these two sentences here, I went to town and it was read, those are great sentences. You can leave them by themselves. And they make sense. They're complete. If we've got these sentences here after the storm cleared, it's not a complete thought. It's not a complete sentence. You need to add something else. So after the storm cleared, we went to town. Or you need to add something else. It doesn't exist by itself. The same way because he didn't like chocolate. We need something else. So a born clause, so the supporting clause can come at various points in a sentence. You might want. There might be one at the front. So a fronted adverbial like this, or at the end or in the middle, the key thing is that all these highlighted phrases are subordinate clauses. They can't exist by themselves. So that was an example of summonthem. Let's have a go and see if we can do this. So she was an excellent musimusician because she had practiced. Is this bit that's been underlined. So this bit here, can that sentence exist by itself? So is that a full, complete thought? I will tell you that yes. So this main clause, you're absolutely right, it is a main clause. I could, if I wanted to, just put a full stop here and cross out this sentence, and it would still make sense. It would still work if I'd have done the opposite and crossed this out. This here is not a complete sentence. It doesn't make sense. We've got this because, which tells us we need more. So this, the underlying section is a main clause. He wanted to speak German so that he could understand his grandparents. This underlying section, is that main or subordinate? Jackson, can you tell me? Super. Absolutely right. If I cross this out, it wouldn't make sense. So it's a subordinate one. You could tell me about the next one, Leo. What you think? Super. Absolutely right. Both of you as a result of the weather is not a complete thought. We need to add something more to it to make it make sense. But the children wore their snow boots. That is a complete thought. So this would be our main thought. Super. What about the next bit? The rain that had been forecast pred heavily. This one is a trickier one. Absolutely right. We this an example of the subordinate clause being in the middle. But if we got rid of this, the sentence would perfectly make sense. It would be a good sentence. So that is a main clause. Super. What about this one? Bob, who had a really big smile, was busy making tea. What do we think this is? Clause absolutely right. It is a main clause. This because it makes sense. If we got rid of this, it would, it would be a good sentence. This bit here is our, if it's not our main clause, it's going to be our subordinate clause. So this here is both a subordinate clause and because it's in the middle of two other bits, we call it an embedded clause. Embedded means in the middle of, so we call that an embedded. Super, right? Let's have a go. Let's see how much time do we have left? Okay. Okay, let's great, let's do this first. Okay, so we're going to have a look at paragraphs and a bit more unpunctuation because it is very important and it's a difficult skill so we have to practice it. So which sentence is punctuated correctly? I'm going to let you all have access to the pen and I want you to tick which one you think is interested correctly. Or we've got two people who think it's this one who disagrees. Leo thinks it's this one. I will tell you that Leo is perfectly correct. This was tricky. This is the kind of, this is a tricky one. The reason that Leo is correct is because of this comma here, the man sat on the bench is our main clause, who was very old, is embedded. It's in the middle of our sentence, and we need commas to separate it out. We look at this one here. We look at this sentence here where we've got a main and embedded. We need Two Commerce to separate out this embedded clause. Okay, let's have a look. So let's have a look at this one. We want to rewrite this sentence so that the embedded clause appears somewhere else in the sentence. So right now, it's at the end. How could I rewrite this sentence so that it's at the beginning? 嗯。We do need a comma. Where would we need a comma? North after the north, this right here. It's punctuated correctly because it's not an embedded clause. We don't need those commas. What we want to do here is move our subordinate so that it's at the beginning of our sentence. We just want to change the order. Leo, how could we do that? As he caught up in his basket, the dog snored super. And this would need a comma. To show that we're talking about the same thing, the same dog. This, again, it's the most kind of tricky bit of English. A lot of people get this wrong, even kind of native English speakers get this wrong all the time. So you've done really well to pay attention for so long. So as he called up in his basket, that's our kind of fronted adverbial dog snowed. So we need a comma after basket, because this acts as afffronted adverbial. We could also say, how else could we be write this? Let me have a thing. We could also rewrite this. As the dog held up in his basket, he snored. If we wanted to change it round so that it was more clear who we were talking about. So we're introducing the dog first, so we know who we're talking about. Makes it a little bit clearer, but that is absolutely fine. Super. Let's have a look at this. So how much longer do we have? Okay, great. Paragraphs. Paragraphs who? Sorry, I'm going to give you access to the pen. I want you to tick which statement? So which of these options. Mix is correct. What is bullet points? Bullet points are when you're introducing a list. So like a shopping list, you could say this is. So it could be like this. These are examples of bullet points, so they're used. When you want to list something, say that again, I more yes, more than one. Yes, more than one is correct. So we've got two people that are on this one, and you're both absolutely correct. And one person who is on paragraphs, I used to show when I rate it writer to a time, place or an argument, that one is also correct. No, it is correct. Yeah, both of them are correct. We've got two that are correct here. So we change paragraph. Don't worry, I can I can see what you meant. We change paragraph depending on what we're speaking about. So in a piece of writing, I could have my first paragraph to introduce what I'm talking about. Then my next paragraph could be where something happened, and then my next one could be what happened. So I'm changing the theme or what's going on for each paragraph. So they used to change time, place or an argument. They can include bullet points, but they don't have to. They can, if it fits certainly it's wrong. Progress can be used as an introduction to text. Absolutely right. It's good to introduce your text and to do that we have a paragraph its own separate paragraph. Paragraphs have to be numbered. They again they can be numbered. They don't have to so it super let's have a look here. How much time do it left? Okay this is a paragraph here. Oh this is where two paragraphs have been stuck together. We need to space them out. I need you to put a symbol like this. So just two dashes close to each other to show where the paragraph should be split. So whenever there's a change in theme or time or place. I want you to put this symbol. Careful, we only want one split, not just a change after every sentence. Let's have a look at. So we only want one split. So I want you to pick just one. You can pick where it should be. The Jackson thinks it's there. Who agrees? Who disagrees? It is tricky. Jackson, are you okay? I'm wrong. That's find it right. I will see if I can remove it. There we go. There we go. But who can? Who thinks they know? I know. Thomas has put there. Jackson is also put there. And Leo has also put that super, all three of you are absolutely right. It should go here. I'm just gonna rub you up so I can see it should go here. In this first half power of the paragraph, it's talking about keeping warm when it's cold outside. And the second part, it says not all penguins live in cold places. Sometimes they live in warm places. So we've got a split in meaning to cold places, warm places super, right? We might not have time for that. So let's do this. Okay? In these three boxes, what I want you to do is put a one, a two or a three to show the order in which they should go. Who thinks they can do that? So if you put a one or two or a three in this box to show the order in which you would put this in a paragraph. So Jackson thinks it's one, two, three like that. Who agrees, who disagrees? Thomas agrees. Super. And Leo, you also do. I would say that you're all sorry. I'm just going to meet you because you're a bit loud in my ear. I'd say you're all correct. Super job. This one definitely goes first. It introduces the paragraph. It tells us what is this paragraph about. So that will go first, but will tell you what are the. Yeah what they do and what they are. I would say these two you could swap if you wanted and it would still make sense. But any of them, as long as you're starting with this one to introduce the paragraph, I'd say you paragraph would be a good paragraph. Super, right? We're going to watch a quick video about proofreading and then I think we'll just be out of time. So. Hi everyone. It's Ingrid from twinkle. And today we're going to talk about proofreading. When we're writing, it's easy to make mistakes. It doesn't matter how old you are or how often you practice. This happens to all of us. To catch these errors, it's important to read over our work once we're done and keep an eye out to any spelling, grammar or punctuation mistakes which might have slipped through the crux. Unless, of course you managed to do it perfectly the first time like I have with this letter. I actually think I'm gonna to go send it to my friend right now. Hey, give that back. You think this is perfect, do you? Sorry. Who are you? I am the mistake, detective. And who are you? Well, I'm Ingrid. This is my house. How did you did I hear, right, that you just finished this piece of writing? Yeah. And did you check it yet? Oh, no, I'm sure it's fine. Oh, you think it's fine? You know, if I thought that way every time I caught a criminal, there would be a lot of misplaced capital letters running about. Okay, how do we catch them? Well, we're going to have to read over it again carefully. Okay, that's great. What are we looking for? That is a very good question. Ukulele, you have done your work. You're feeling good. And you know what you have do, right? I think you know this. You've been good at it very far, so I'm not going to bother with this for you because you already know this. Once you've finished your writing, you need to reread it super, right? A few lessons ago we finished, we ran out of time and we didn't watch this video. But because you've done it so well and you've paid such good attention, I'm gonna to show you this movie clip to end us off so we can end on on a good note. This is from a film called how to Train Your Dragon. Toothless, I could have sworn you. Teeth. No, no, no, I don't have any. Yeah. Gh. Huh. So I hope you enjoyed that. That's the end of our unit and the end of our time together. So I hope you learned something and well done. You've all paid really, really good attention and you've done really well so far. So thank you. Right, I'll take bye now. So bye Leo. Bye Thomas. Bye Jackson. Have a lovely evening. Okay, bye, bye, bye.