Hey, how? Are you thank good? Good. Did you have a good Christmas break? Good. Did you do anything fun over Christmas, over the holiday? Yeah, I got you snowboarding. Oh yes, you went snowboarding, didn't you? Did you? You didn't fall over at any point. Didn't hurt yourself. Was it all okay? It's always helpful as ourselves. You said that you always hurt yourself. Like for some who who don't hurt themselves, well, that's okay then. Right? And what first. It ain't now, Mister Brown decided take his family for a Oh, I think we might have changed this around a bit. Hang on. Once Sunday in July misses. Misses Brown decided to take her family for a picnic in the woods. In the woods at bemish or stop. So let she made a big pile of sandwiches and put them in a plastic box. We'll stop. Call in, put you comment there, put some kinds of Coca Cola. Good capital letters don't need a comment, full stop. There, Colin, put some cans of Coca Cola for the children to drink. Mister Brown made a flask of coffee for himself and his wife, full stop. Tom filled a tin with biscuits and tiny cakes. Sarah put oranges, plums, apples. Apples and bananas into a bag when the food was ready. They packed it in the boot of the car and set off a Beamish capletter. Okay, still quite a few corrections on that. Ada der, not too many corrections on the punctuation. Many corrections on your wording. You've changed the wording for some reason when you were copying it out. They didn't need to do that. All of the wording should be the same. It's just the punctuation that needs to change. Yeah. Okay. Okay. Today. All we still have a little bit to finish on this fluctuation first before we move on. So if you remember, we were looking at how to the different ways of how to use commas in the last lesson. Let's just check where we are. Which ones did we get to parenthesis? Okay, so we did these ones. So next way to use a comma. Comma number five is for direct speech, which we're actually going to look at in more detail later. So I think I'm gonna to skip this one for now because we're gonna to do that together. So we will start with this one separating main and subordinate clauses. Can you remember what is the difference between a main and a subordinate clause agent? Because we did then a few weeks ago, didn't we? Can you remember? Can you remember the difference between these? One, it can make sense with its own. One can't make sense with its own. Good, very good. Well done. So here's some examples. Could you read them for me? These down here for me, agent. Well, we're waiting. You can use a magic. Also, I love football. Swimming is my favorite sport. So notice how these, the blue part is a subordinate clause, the black part is the main clause, and we're using a comma to separate it because the subordinate clause is coming first. So can you have a go for me? Can you add in the commas to separate the main subordinate clauses here for me? What are those lines for? Like the Green one, the Green line is like the main. Okay, so you're just showing me which one. Okay, that's fine. So what you should be doing adden, is you should just be you should just be putting a comma between the main and the subordinate clause for me, just a comma to show where they are separate. Not quite. Try again for this one. And this one, this one's okay. This one's good. Try those top two again for me. There we go. That's ventor. Well done. So notice how we've got a helthat's not ready to face the day. You can hear the pause until she's had no coffee. Although it's unhealthy, chocolate makes people unhapper. You want to hear that pause, and that's where your comma will go. Good. Okay. Then we have the next one, which is separating elements in a sentence that express contrast. So that essentially means when you've got like a different opinion, maybe could you read the examples for me? Not the building as enormous as ugly. She enjoys the music in the show. Not the act. Not the acting. Yeah. So can you see how it's like it's big but ugly? She enjoyed the music. Not the acting was showing like usually it's two different descriptions. So here we've got two different sentences. Which one is got the correct punctuation? Look at the examples. Which one is like the examples? Yeah. So if you like learning English in school, not French, we want this fit the bit that's opposite to be on the end after the comma. Have a go at writing your own for me, Aiden. Have a look at your comma. Is it in the right place? That's better. He he likes to play Roblox, not Minecraft. Yeah, good. Okay. And last one then is when we're separating dates and years or towns, things like that. Could you read the examples for me? I grew up in kas, north London. My grandwas born on March 20 fifth 1942. Good. So can you see how we've got a comma? This is the town and this is the city. Or, you know, maybe if you were to say like Beijing, China, we are using, you know, the city separated from the country. We use a comma to show that here we've got the year separated from the day in the month like that with the comma. So this says Jemima writes the movie was shown on Friday 20 fourth November, 5:00p.m.. And Oscar writes that tube who has written it correctly. Good. Why? Because it was a comma after the date. Good, remember to use the comma, hasn't it? You have a go for me. Okay, where's that 2025? Oh, you writing another one? That's okay. It's confused then. You can go drink butter, coffee can't. Okay. So in England, we actually do these the other way around. It would be 30 first because if you were to write first, it's nst. So first December. 2025 like that and then it would have to be like at 11:00p.m.or something, maybe because we need the comma to separate that or maybe we could do comma again at 11:00p.m.. All right, next we move on to having a look at direct speech. So when we talk about speech, Aiden, what is that? What is speech in writing? Like. Comma and like circle, and not those ones. No speech, just this. So don't get distracted by this. What is speech? I forgot. Okay, that's fine. It's like when someone is speaking, Aiden, you know, like when we use said, you know, hello, said the boy, that is speak. We're showing when someone is speaking. So sometimes we can use what's called reported speech, and we don't have we don't have to use punctuation to show that someone said something. Could you read what it says on the board here? Adall of this? Report summaries, what has been said, it does not usually curve. The words sposo doesn't need any special, for example, the good said, the day wants to eat the Green grass on the other side of the bridge, the troshouted to the goats to stay on their own side of the stream. But then we have something called direct speech, and that is when we have to use punctuation, okay? So the punctuation helps us to sort of follow along with the conversation. So can you read what it says here? Embedcommerce, the most important role in graduation is that all words book must be enclosed by inverted commas. Embrdges English a single invercomma as best get off my bridge, however, is okay to use a double invercomma as well. Get off my bridge. Whichever you choose, use it constantly across the. Everything. So when we're punctuating our speech, we make sure that all of our punctuation goes inside the speech Marks. Aiden, okay, so like you know here, we've got an exclamation mark to show that he's shouting that goes inside the speech Marks. The question mark to show us the question goes inside the speech mark. What can you notice here? Aden? What's been used and know here? Why have the user plumber there is at the end? Why not just use the full stop? Next this will stop a long time. It's A A I just like sports stop a little bit. Yeah. And also, if we were to put a full stop there, we would end up having two full stops in one sentence, which we can't have. So if at the end of your speech you've got writing after it and you don't want to put an exclamation mark or a question mark, then you must put a comma. And we don't want to use two speech Marks and two punctuation at the end. We would just use a question mark and a speech mark, not a question mark, a comma and a speech mark. That's too many bits of punctuation. And can you read this part for me as well? Does the speech come after a verb? Common must be used after the verb to show that the speech is about the to begin note the speech must always begin with a chapter letter. For example, the smallest belly ghost grai'll go first, the chsaid it who goes there? The biggest a very good, Oh no. So can you see how they're putting a comma, a speech mark, and then a capital letter, a comma, speech mark, capital letter, a comma, speech mark, capital letter. If you're saying like said, then that's coming. Then you need to do that to kind of introduce all the speech. I might have a video which shows this. Then if I still got it, yes, let's watch this video to help us. Astronaut Vicky was on her first space mission. She had just passed her space driving test. The spaceship shuddered to a halt. An astronaut, Vicky, fell out of her seat, shouting, Oh, no. This sentence uses speech Marks to show what Vicky said. Speech Marks. Also known as inverted commas. Let's look again at the sentence. The spaceship shuddered to a halt, and astronaut Vicky fell out of her seat, shouting, Oh, no. You use a comma to separate what's being said from the rest of the sentence. Two speech Marks are used to show when Vicki started speaking, also called direct speech. A capital letter is used to start direct speech at the end, the punctuation goes inside the speech Marks, and what's being said is finished with closing speech Marks. Let's look at that again. A comma separates what's being said from the rest of the sentence. Use speech Marks at the start and end of your speech. A capital letter begins the sentence at the end. You can use either an exclamation mark, question mark, or full stop, but put it inside the speech Marks. Mission control came over the radio. Watch out for the space junk in your sector. Let's punctuate the speech in this sentence. Add a comma, opening speech Marks, a capital letter, exclamation mark, and closing speech Marks. Here's another. Vicki looked out at the window and said, we just crashed into it. Add a comma, opening speech Marks, a capital letter, a full stop and closing speech Marks. The captain asked, is there any damage? For this sentence, use ser comma opening speech Marks, capital letter, question mark and closing speech Marks. The. Which sentence is punctuated in the right way? Which one? What? Good. Vicki looked at the ship and replied, not much, just a few scratches. You've been learning about speech Marks. Speech Marks are used to show what somebody is saying. Use them at the start and the end of the speech. Use a comma to separate what's being said from the rest of your sentence. Start the speech with a capital letter, and your end punctuation goes inside the closing speech Marks. And that's how you use speech Marks. Okay. Right? Okay. Another thing we need to remember, Aiden, is this is often something we often forget. So used to forget is when we have a new speaker or a speaker that's different to the one before we go on to a new line to make it really clear for the reader that a new person is speaking basically. So if you can see here, we're putting it on a new line underneath every time a different goat is speaking. I think we need to just have a go and do some writing, to be honest. Where is the worksheets? Okay, let's have a go at this. Speaker, what is this ask to do? So it says, decide whether the following are examples of direct or indirecspeech. So don't me to remind you what the difference is. So it's caa less me to find what's difference. So I should remind you, we did talk about the difference between direct and indirect, but we'll go back over. So reported is also called indirect. This is when we have speech that doesn't need punctuation Marks, doesn't need speech Marks. Yeah like this, the goat said that they wanted to eat the Green grass. Direct speech does need speech Marks. You know the goat said like. The goat said, get off my bridge, you know, using those speech Marks that is direct. So direct needs speech Marks, indirect does not need speech Marks. Perfect. Well done. This time you need to add in the punctuation that's missing for these speech. You need to add in into all of the sentences. You need to add in speech Marks into all of the sentences aiand not just two of them. 我。So, ada, make sure you actually read the sentence. I want sweets, shouted the little girl as she ran into the shop. It's not she's not just saying all of this. You need to look at it a bit more carefully, Aiden. Oh, Yeah. Yeah, that's better. What have you forgot in number two, remember to introduce the speech. What do you need to show the features coming here? Good. Please can you help me my mawork after moving quietly? Well, we have to get there, okay? And have a look at this one at the bottom one again for me. When we ever get there, one Young child, yes, that's better. Well, don't make sure you're actually carefully looking where the speech is ending. Don't just assume it's the whole sentence here. But. We will finish on this. So one more, one more, can you write just one sentence using direct speech? Follow. I'm not scary at all, says Marcy. Okay, good. Just I'm not scared at all here. And the the strophe in I'm goes there, which we're going to be looking at next. So that's good. So I'm not scared at all, says Marcy. Yeah, okay, good. Right. Well done. Asieli'm going to get you to do some more speech writing for your homework tasks as well. Okay, so I'll give you a little work sheyou to do some more. Please stop that. I'm wasn't trying to write some more speech things. Okay. Okay, thank you. Adyou worked super hard today. Really good answers. Yams, I'm writing. I'll see you next week again. Enjoy the rescue day. Bye bye.