Okay, the Ga bicycle was, yeah, good. making sure we're putting the apostrophe excellent. Let me just make that.Good, okay, so if he hurried, he misses the boss.So it's changing this word. So for punctuation, apostropes and subject, okay.Okay, so if he, this word would actually be changed to pluralural. So this is if he hories.Okay, if he hories he and it's not misses, He misses the bus, he he.In the. Yeah. So if he hurry, he misses the bus, if he hories, he won't.Miss the boss. Does that make sense.Yeah, yeah. So won't remember. We said it was a shortened word. It's an abbreviated word. So it's, it stands for will not miss the bus,.Right on to the next one. So it was yesterday. I bought apples, oranges and bananas. I bought apples, comma, oranges, good and bananas, and we don't need a comma there because we've already said, and it's already the end of that list. Excellent good. Next one. it's late now, don't go out. It's, yes, late Now. comma.Don't. Yes is right. Go out.Good, okay, so the reason why we've added a comma is because it's a break in the sentences. It's late now., don't go out,.It's late Now. Don't go out would be a kind of a continuous sentence. But it's your tuing saying two separate kind of main sentences or main clauses joined together, and they will be joined together by a comma, a break. Okay, so it's late now. comma don't go out.Does that make sense, Yeah yeah okay, but otherwise the apostrophees are correct.The last sentence was James and Mark's idea were brilliant. So James here is actually a name. So we don't change anything. We leave it as James. Okay, but Mark's idea is correct. Okay, so James and Mark's idea were brilliant.Does that make sense Yeah, Okay, so we can say James.If we want to say James and we end with a word that already ends with an S, like a name that ends with an S. we can write the apostrophe on the outside. Okay, so that becomes Janez.That's how we will pronounce it. Okay, rather than us writing James. Okay, that would be wrong. Okay, because his name is James, not James.Okay, so when we have a word that already has a letter in it, we are going to put the apostrophe on the outside. Okay, so James is and Marx.Idea were brilliant, Okay, okay.Let's move on to task2, so task 2 was combining sentences together. I wanted to go to the park, although it started.To rain.,, excellent, Okay, but good. She practiced every day. She improved quickly. She practice every day.So she, yeah, So adding the words. So is good. It's one of those fan boy question words, isns't it, Good, So she improved quickly, Good, making sure we put a full stop at the end of our sentence. Okay, right, task 3, then. So short set paragraph and correction and improvement. So you've got the sentence. Tom went to the shop. He bought some sweets. He forgot as well at her home. So he ran back to get it. so Tom went to the shop.Comma, good, and he bought some sweet comma. but he forgot his wallet at home. So he ran back to get it. Excellent, Well done, good.Okay, and then you did the bonus round as well. Well done. So write two sentences of your own, one using a subordinate clause at the front and one with a possessed apostrophe. So unless it is not raining today or I can't go outside.Unless it is not raining today, so to fix a sentences, you're already saying because unless it's not raining.You will go outside right, and but the only time you won't go outside is if it is raining, so you can say unless it is not raining or.Go outside. So let me think, unless it is not rainings today or I can't go outside. So you can say instead.Because it is raining today., I can't.😔Go outside. Okay, that would be one sentence to say you can't go outside because it is raining. If you want to say it's not raining, we can put unless.It unless it does not rain comma, I can't.Go outside.Do we see how the meaning of both sentences change because of the words that we're putting in. And so in the first sentence, we're saying because it is raining today, I can't go go outside, which means because the weathers bad, you won't be able to go outside. right, That's what the first sentence means. But the second sentence, unless it does not rain.I can't go up. unless it does not rain. I can't go outside. So it means that you can't go outside unless it rains. Okay, but if we, let's say, for example, wanted to change it and say, unless it.Does rain, No, sorry, we'll keep it as that. So unless it does not rain.You're saying until it does not rain, you can't go outside. Okay, or we can change it and say unless it does not rain.I can go outside. So you're saying, if it doesn't rain basically, then I will be able to go outside. Does that make sense, Yeah, yeah.Okay, let's move on to the next word. the next sentence. Alex is, yes, good because it's a possession, right, Alex owns a dog. He possesses this dog, right, So Alex is dog.그.B, so making sure we barks is a plural. Alex's dog barks at me because it thought I'm a stranger. Yeah, I think that's a good sentence. Well done. Okay, good, Okay, so overall, some small, tiny mistakes, but otherwise, sentences are good, Brian, How did we feel about doing the homework. Was it a bit tricky, Was it mixed.Did you find it okay?Is the is okay. Yes' okay. Okay, We will practice again. Maybe next lesson, we will practice this again. So we will do a starter activity, which will, will go over it one more time just to make sure that it's really stuck in our heads,.Or today, we're actually going to start off with with something else and then move on to something. So let me see how I can move this.Picture okay, one second. there we go. So Brian for today, we're going to start off with with this.Question, and then we'll move on to our main lesson for today. Okay, this is basically about learning about plural. So where to put an S and where to put an E S. Okay, so when we add, and we'll go over this in a second. So let me go over. So when we add regular nouns, plural, when we give regular nouns, plurals, we add an S. So football can be footballs.AC can be cups. Dog can be dogs. F can be fruits. paper can be papers. Okay, do you see how they're all now. So we just add an S to them.Yeah.。Yeah, okay, if the singular noun ends in S to the S is S H, S, C, H, X, Z or O, we add E, S. Okay, so if our word is shoe.Yeah.We can add just one S. Okay, but remember how we said about James, we can't add anything to it. Okay, so it has to be a noun only. Okay, so not, not, not a person, not a pronoun, Just a noun. Okay, so let's think of an example. Let's say.let's say church, for example.Okay, church ends in a C, H. So we add E, S Make sense because dog.And in G, we can just write dogs. Okay, same thing with, let's say, lunch.Lunch ends in a C, H. So we write launches, okay.Because we've got, let's do one practice as what. So well, I'll go over all everything and then we'll practice these together. Okay, so when the noun ends in O, it's like photos, pianos, halos. Okay, so if we've got photo.If we've got a piano, they just have one S added on to the end. Okay, so piano can become pianos.If the sound, if the noun ends with F or F E, then the F is often changed to V, E before adding the F's. Okay, so, you know, like a horse has one.Hoof, right. But if we wanted to say that a horse has multiple hoovs or plural, we will. what we will do is we will get rid of the F and add.H, O O V, E, and then our S. So we add hoovs,.So if it ends in an F or an F E, then you change it to V E and then add an S. Okay, the only exceptions that we have to this rule are these words. So Ruth becomes roofs, beliefs becomes beliefs. Ches is chefs and chiefs is chiefs. Okay, What I will do, Brian, is because once we've practice this, I will upload a document later for your help later.Okay, so if we forget these rules, I will write these rules out and upload it for you, Okay so.Let's have a go, Brian at practicing some of these, some of these examples. Okay, so we'll do the first one together. So the first word is bookshelf.Okay, firstword is bookshelf. I'm just going to zoom in a little bit more. Actually, I can't so.Bookhelf, what do we add, Do you think we have to add an E S, Do we have to add an S, do we, Okay, yeah, so actually, do we see how it ends in.F bookhelf., So goal of it is we're going to insert a V, E, S. Okay, so it actually becomes book.Shoves, does that make sense, Because it ends in F, we add V, E, We remove F, add V, E, and then S.Okay, so bookhelf to bookshelve,.Let's have a look at the next one. So footto N in L. What do we add, Do we add S, Do we add E, S, Do we add V, E, S.E S accent. Yeah, you're right.It's foot stools. Thanks. good, Well done. Next one, text book.Do we add S S, S, Yeah, good text books. Excelt, Well done, good.Okay, belief. So this is one of our exceptions. Okay, so we need, Yeah, it's an exception. So we leave it as beliefs.Okay, so, you know, for this one, I will put exception exception, okay.Okay, let's have a go to the next one. So our self, do we add S, E S or V, E S, I think V E.You're right. Well on. Yeah, like that.Added oh, sorry, so good, excellent, good. We add V, E, S, excellentt, Well done.Okay, last one, we will practice together. And then the next, the next five, you can have a good. Okay, so wrist watch ends in a C, H. So do we write S, E, S or V, E, S.R, I think it does end in. I think it ends in E, S.Excellent, well done. Good. So we wrote wrist watches. And you're right, because.😔It has a C, H. Okay, so its in a E, S, excellent, Well done. Good. Okay, so for the next five words, Brian, for these five words, could you have a go, please for me.So I write it or just I said, could you.That's you can. you can say yeah, I will write it if you want. Okay, So the first one, I think, is yes.It is double S. Yeah, you're right. Ad is excellent. Good. What about the next one.The next one chat box is E, S, because it ended the X. X, Yeah, excellent. So chatter boxes, excellent, good.What about and9 is And V.Thives are done. photo ended in.It's just photos. Yeah, so just with one S, S. Yeah, because why it's an exception to the rule, right.WYeah, good, excellent, Well done. What about number 11.Peach is added. A E S, excellent, good pitches.Good, and last one, number 12 camera, I think is just how did excellent. Well done, good.Camera, what's on.Okay, good. Okay, Brian, So what I would like you to do quickly is just so we can practice. Are you able to see this bit properly this bit.Yeah, yeah. could you write out those rules for me in your book, just so you've got a notice of them.I will, I will write them separately but after the lesson. But just so for your memory and you can remember after, could you write those down for me...If you want, I can try and actually let me see.😔.There we go. So what I've done, Brian, is I've just written these down for you so you can.Maybe you see it, actually, let me There you go. Does, I that a little bit easier to read for the rules, Yes, Yeah okay....Yes..Yeah..Were almost on miss Yes on the last one okay.😔 Okay.Okay, let's move on then right.So what we are actually looking at today for the rest of the lesson is direct and reported speech. Okay, so the difference between direct and reported speech is direct speech is when someone says it directly. Let's say, for example, you say I am hungry. that is direct speech. Okay, but reported speech is when I'm telling another person about something you said. So I can say oh.Brian said he was hungry. Okay, does that make sense, Yeah, okay.So what we are going to do first is just do a little recap from what we learned last lesson. Okay, and we're just going to fix the errors in the sentences quickly. So let's have a go at this and fill it in together. Okay, so let's so fix the errors in the sentences. The first one is the dog's bone was buried in the garden. What's wrong with that sentence. And how do we fix it..I think it the dogs not the like it need a apostrophe at dogs. Yeah, you're absolutely right. Dog with an apostrophe, excellent.Hey, the second the dog didn't die. The dog is not like not his book. not the dog. Yeah, exactly. It's the dog's bone. The dog's property, right, not the dog himself. Yeah, good. So the dog's bone was buried in the garden. You're right.What about the second sentence, I like reading and writing but I don't like maths.Just need a apostrophe. I don't. I need apostrophe of the.And where else, So where else did you say you need an apostrophe, Yeah, just. There's just there. Yeah, I don't.Yeah,, excellent, good. well done. You know, with this comma, do we think it's really necessary.Not really, but like you can use it because you have a end writing not a video writing like.they don't have an end. you can use a comma. But if it have an end, you don't necessarily you need a coma. But if you want to use it. Yeah, Yeah, good. you can use it or like you can use it and you don't need to use it.。But you yeah, good, excellentt more done. I'm gonna give you another take for that. Good, So it's not something that is necessary because you've already got the word and, right, because we've got the word and. So it's not, It's not as important, but you can add it in. Okay, does listen doesn't mean that it's it's wrong. but it means that, yeah, it is something that you can add, but don't have to add good.Okay, the third sentence when the sun sets, we went inside.When the sunset, we went inside. Okay, so what do we need.Do you need apostrophe or we won't need an apostrophe.😔Yeah, we need to come after that because it like it another is a noun.So it's two sentences, kind of two sentences. But because you've got the when, right, you need a comma beforehand., Good, Another thing, Brian, actually, it, you know, with the, when it says when the sunset, we went inside. So it says when the sunset, which means when in the future, the sunset, we went inside, it we, we can change this and we actually can say when.To make it past tense, when the sun set, we went inside.Okay, because they're saying when the sun sets future, in the future, when the sun will set, we will go inside. Okay, but they're using future and past tense together. So to make it basically the right singular. And to make it past tense, we say when the sun set, we went inside.Does that make sense, Yeah, but you're absolutely right about the comma. So done good. Okay, next one, the girl which had red shoes, was dancing...'s in need.AndComma of the girl.Yeah, good. The girl which had red shoes, was dancing. excellent, good. Why do we put a comma before or after which.🎼.Probably because it's like writing another thing. Like sub clause.Good need a. And with the, as you said, a subordinate clause, the comm can come before or after. But in this sentence, it comes before.A good thing as well to know. So I've actually made a mistake here because there's two words that we can use. and we've got which and who.Do we know where when we use which word?So we use which when we're usually describing a thing or an animal. And in this regard, we're talking about shoes, right.But if we say who we're talking about a person. So if we said who, Okay so.When we say the girl, which had red shoes, was dancing, it's because we're pointing at and associating the girl with her red shoes. right, So this is why we use which. But we said who, the the girl, remember the girl who had red shoes, that's when we would talk about it. when if the girl was in the main part of the sentence, we would say who, that because we're focusing on the shoes, we're using the word which.Okay.Does that make sense, Yeah, Okay, That's not something to remember. It's not the main focus, but I thought I might as well let you know about it. Okay, okay, let's move on to the the lesson plan. then. Okay, so what is direct speech.。Direct speech shows the exact words someone wants to say. I, I want pizza, or Emma said, I love pizza. Okay, so the rules for direct speech. and these are important to remember the rules are.Use quotation marks around the spoken words, so you can say the teacher said.I love, I love pizza. Okay, because you're quoting me, right, It's not your're saying you love pizza. You're telling someone that your teacher loved pizza. Okay, so that's why you can say my teacher said, I love pizza. Okay, so it's when we are quoting someone else or we're talking about something someone else said., they begin speech as well with a capital letter always an end punctuation.Goes inside the quotation marks. So let's say, for example, we had the sentence, Emma, Emma.Insteadad, comma speech marks. I love.Pizza, but let's say she wanted to say it in an exciting way. So we would say I love pizza with an exclamation mark. close brackets. Okay, so do you see how always punctuation goes inside the quotation marks. Okay, whether that's a full stop, whether that's an exclamation mark, a question mark, they all go inside the quotation marks,.And I'll write it here as well. So if we've got question mark, we've got a full stop, an exclamation mark will always go inside speech marks.Any questions, Brian So is this sentence a direct speech?I really like pizza. Is that example of direct speech.B because you saw it like first person is you like Vi. he didn't say Emma said that she liked Vi. Good. What if I say, oh, Brian told me.He liked dumplings, iss that direct speech.No, because I said it like you like told other people that I said, I like dump. Good, excellent. Yeah, so it's not direct speech. excellentt, good. I think we've got it. Okay, let's move on and then work, find out about what is directed speech about that second sentence I said. So what is reported speech. reported speech is when.One tells you basically or tells what someone said without using their exact words. Okay, so I can say, I dislike.Let's say I dislike tea. But you said, oh, my teacher said she hates tea. That's reported speech because you're reporting someone else. what I said.So you tell what someone said without using their exact words. That is the only time you do not use quotation marks. Okay, so the example would be Emma said that she loved pizza. Okay, because you didn't use the word I, It's not exactly what Emma said. So it's reported speech.What the rules are for a reported speech is that there are no quotation marks and they often change tense. So normally they will be in past tense.can I try the laptop. Yeah, of course you can...So I'm going to write two examples out, so I'm going to write, let's have a think.Okay, right, let's say. So reported speech would be Brian said he really.Likeed dumplings Okay, and this is example of reported speech.Direct speech would be, I really like, or actually, let me do it. And so you are saying it so.Brian said, I really like.Dumplings.Okay, so do we see the difference just to go over practice one more one, we change it from past tense.Present tense. Okay, when we talk about direct speech, we also mention the speech marks, whereas in the direct reported speech, we have no speech marks.Okay, those are the two differences. Also, the final differences, you've got an end of a sentence ends in a full stop or exclamation mark or question mark. But the punctuation in a speech in a direct speech always goes within the speech marks, okay.Okay, let's move on and have a go at some practice then.Right, so just one more example to come of cover. just so we've got it for direct speech. It says, where are we going, This is the right way. Okay, because the question mark is inside. Where are we going with the question mark on the outside is wrong. Okay, I'm so excited.The right way, because it's inside the speech mark. I'm so excited. Shater Terra outside is wrong, exempt.It's always inside the speech mark, whether it's a full stop, an exclamation mark, a question mark, always a full stop, Okay, and it always goes in the speech marks.Okay, so the difference between converting these speeches because we're going to have a go at some practice in a second.Direct is. I am tired, said Jake. Reported is Jake said that he was tired.Directors, we will go tomorrow, said MIa Report. Mia said they would go the next day.Okay, so it's not always the same. Some words are going to be changed, and the tenses will be changed. Okay, so let's.So this is, again, example, we will go swimming tomorrow, said MIA, MIA said they would go swimming the next day, okay.AndOkay, right, let's have a go.At this then. So which is punctuated correctly. Is it number one, A or is it 2, So shall I put up the poll for you, Let's have a go.So which one is it, Is it A or B.Is a.Good, because we have no use for that quest for that comma, right, Good,, next., good. Okay, I'm going remove the poll now. So for the second sentence, it says convert to reported speech. I am going to the park, said Tom, How do we turn that into reported speech..我.Remember, reported speech is when you say something someone else said, but not in the same words, not in the exact words.Shall I help you with this one?Yeah, okay. so we are going to say start with what Tom said. He said, I am going to the park.So Tom said he was going go to the park.Do you see how it's not the same as what Tom said because Tom said he was going to go to the park, I said he was going go to the park okay.So it always has to be the same. I am going to the park. So even though.The sentence to the park is the same. The rest of the sentence is different, isn't it, It said he was going to go or whereas Tom actually said, I am going to the park.Okay, he's saying that in prison, I am going to the park. but I said, oh, well, Tom told me that he was gonna go to the park, meaning past tense that he was going to go. but I don't know if he still is. Okay, does that make sense.Yeah, and then the last one to practice, fix the mistake, Are you ready, asked Sam, what's the mistake here?The mistake here is what the.😔Question mark is, it should be in the quotation. You are absolutely right. So it should be.You ready question mark, rotationation mark, rotationation mark asked that.Happy with that Yeah excellent well done, good Okay so.Yeah.Let's have a go. So I would like you to first task. I would like you to do is to write two sentences of direct speech about what you did yesterday. And then the second task is to change these sentences.Okay..So direct speech about what you did yesterday. Okay, so...The do.😔Do I not to sentence about yesterday, do I.Not, right, do you think so done in yesterday Yes, yeah, It can be anything. It could be something that you did yesterday. It could be something you watched yesterday. It could be something you ate yesterday. But as long as it's in direct speech.I..I a E dose yes,. Okay, let's write it down. So you said, let me bring something up, actually, hold on..Just so we can see our writing on it. just can't draw a box for some reason. Okay, so let's have a look go. So you said I ate.😔Noodles yesterday. Okay, good, and this is direct, right?So yeah, so the way I would turn that into reported speech reported would be Brian.Instead, he ate some noodles yesterday.😔Do you see how I changed some of it?Although it looks very similar, I said instead of I, he said he. And then instead of a, just noodles, I added.Someum noodles. So do you see how it becomes reported speech, Because that's not exactly what you said. You just said, I ate noodles yesterday., good.Okay, can you give me one more sentence, Do I still do direct.Let's do the opposite way, let's say you did reported speech.My friend said that he ate. My friend said he didn't.He haven't eat. He hasn't.Beat sweet for 10 years. He said he hasn't eaten sweets.For 10 years. Okay, good. So do it's impossible to better eat sweet for 10 years because like.Like youre just like 1011 years old. So like he, So he's never eaten sweet. Yes, I.,, so like I reported it, like.Good, probably, he said that he eat sweet. Like, he probably said that he eat sweet. Like, he probably like, just didn't eat sweet for like.Few weak. And he said, like, yeah. and our like is, yeah, is long. Yeah, Yeah, good. So let's say I'm your friend, for example, let's say.I haven't eaten sweets for and.Days.So imagine that's what I said. And that was direct speech. But your reported sweet that I haven't eaten sweet for 10 years. Okay, so it's changing some of it because we're just saying what someone else said. We're not quoting what someone else said. So you know how sometimes people say of.。The famous writer, Rodal, quoted, and then they quote him word for word. Okay, that would be an example of direct speech. But reported speeches, are, I think Rodal said something along the lines of Okay, that's you using your memory to think about what someone has said, not exactly what they say.Okay, but is more.Is like the saying that like your friend is like that you repeat is not informal. Yes, yeah. and yeah, in a way, it's, it's all kind of informal, but it's also, you're not saying the exact words that they said. So you can say that you like noodles. But I said, oh, Brian told me he loved noodles. So do you say I'm saying similar sentence.But It like like, yeah. and like, you probably not say. probably you heard the news. it said it says.The Russian Ukraine War has not last two year four year at the exact date. And you just said that it just last two year.Good, that is a really good example. So what would your example be, I it direct speech or reported speech.Reported sweet, excellent, Well done. That was a really, really good example. Good, well done. Okay, shall we.So what I will do, Brian, is for your homework, I will upload it in a separate document. Let's try one last sentence. I know we've come to the end of the lesson. But let's just try this one. Can you please write it.As reported speech, I just say it. Yeah, you can just say it.Home said that he will finish his homework later in the day. Excellence said that he will.Finish his homework later in the day.😔Well done. That's a really, really good sentence. Well done, excellent. Okay, and the last last question, Brian, fix the punctuation. Can we go to the park, asked Ben.Yes, replied his dad. But gone the effects of conversation is the two sentences together.separate can we go to the park or then, I think you need quo marks.Be at the front of the sand and off the park.Do we need anything else. And need a yeah, question mark of the park in between the quotation mark and the park. Excellent, Good well done.And then that last sentence, Yes, replied his dad, but only after lunch. And, and the last sentence is, yes, replied his dad.Like of the dad quotation mark and of the lunch quotation.So quotation mark, quotation mark. We can book a comm there as well. And both, both at the end of the sentence.Where are we what we adding, I'm not sure if we are add at the end of the sentence we are added. we can the quo.We can just leave it, we can put a full stop there and then we also put quotation mark here, yes.Replied his dad, but only after lunch. So that part, the sentence, you're right is correct. Okay, but for this part, we have to make sure we put because he's also saying something here as well, right, He's speaking directly. Yes, I thought, yes, replied to his dad is.Reported, like you say it your like is like, I thought it was like, like, you know, on the bug.Yeah person speaking and the story, like the person who's telling the story.We put quotation marks is because that's what his dad is responding him to us. So it's someone not changing what his dad is saying, but just quoting what his dad is saying. So that's why we put quotation marks. Okay, because yes, replied his dad, but only after lunch. Both of those parts are quotation marks, because that's what his dad has responded to him with.Okay, okay, all right.Really good effort today, Brian, we I'll set some homework, and I'll upload it the same place I uploaded from last week, and it will be to, I can show you, it will be, you know, to you can write it in your book and then upload it online just like you did last week. and it will just be to do some sentences on direct and reported speech. Okay, and then we will review your homework next Thursday, next lesson, okay.😊Okay, all right, then Brian, I will speak to you next week by bye.