来吧。Yeah. Okay, is everyone here? Let's see. So Ianis Shany he and carloche, okay, that means we can start. Let's begin. So today is lesson three. So good one. Oh, what is this? Okay, now I'm going to show you the video. Let me see if I can make it bigger. Yes, let's also a restore about food. So on the starboard side, we've got all of our food containers. And then on the port side, we have our drinks containers up here. Let's go find a cup of coffee. So now our coffee packet is filled with nice hot water. We just need a little plastic straw. Insert the straw, take the cap off. I drink. Yes, so this is just how to brew a coffee when you're in space. Okay, let's just push that. That's like. Lesson three the perfect cup of tea. Okay. So we already did the high work with you yesterday, and yesterday we looked at the two genre types, the explanation text and the instruction text, and we identified the features used in each kind of text. So who can tell us what an instruction text is? Who can review the features of an instruction text? What's the instruction? An instruction tells you what to do. That's right. And instruction text tells you what to do. Does an instruction text have a question as a title? Yes or no? Oh, no, it doesn't have a question as a title. Does an instruction text have a summary? Yeah, no, no, it doesn't an explanation text has a summary, but an instruction text doesn't have a summary. Does an instruction text have advice in the conclusion? No, yes, it does. It can give an advice in the conclusion statement. Does an instruction text have a chronological order? Yes, yes, an instruction text has a chronological order, because the events can be numbered to show the steps. Okay, so the aim of lesson three is to use causal conjunctions and adverbials, use technical vocabulary, and use time conjunctions and adverbials features of an explanation text. Tell your talk partner about the features of an explanation text you remember from the last session. So who would like to tell us what they remember about an explanation text? They have those kinds of words, how to say the technical vocabulary? Yes, they have technical vocabulary. We have a time sequence. But I have a lot. Sorry. Could you repeat that? The time thing, like first, then what? Stand next? How to say time sequence, the sequence. Yes, they use time expressions to show the sequence of events, like first, next, then after that, finally. Good. What else do they have in an explanation text? Do they have a summary? Do they have a summary? I, they have a summary? Yes, they have a summary at the end. That's right. And which tense do they use in an explanation text? Present tense. Yes, the present tense. And what do they use as a title? A question yes, they use a question as their a title. That's right. Okay. So an explanation text needs a question as a title. Why do you think it needs a question as a title? It is to explain the question. Yes, because an explanation text shows us, yes, Evan, sorry, I absolutely deadly touthat's, okay. So an explanation text uses a question as a title because it explains to us why something is done or how it is made. It has an introduction and what is the introduction about? What they are talking. Yes. So it gives background information about the topic. And can you give me some examples for causal conjunctions? Anadverbials, what are they? Because yes, because as a result, consequently causes, so when there is a cause and effect relationship, to show the cause and effect relationship, we have to use particular words. For example, we can say, be causal due to, as a result of, consequently, these causes. And it uses technical language for the topic. And it uses time conjunctions and adverbals to show the order of events first, next, then after that, finally. Okay. Shall I PaaS the slide or do you want to take notes? I don't know, okay. If you're taking notes, I can wait or otherwise I can move on to the next slide. Okay. And I'll just give another minute. On finished. Okay, great. Alright, let's move on. And the alt can also include diagrams or illustrations with caption. So a caption means that it explains the diagram or the illustration. So an explanation text can have pictures, diagrams or illustrations. Any questions about an explanation text? No, no, okay. It uses organizational and presentational devices to structure the text, so it has a title, first introduction, the explanation, and then the summary at the end. And it can also include pictures, but the pictures are not necessary, but usually you would find diagrams that represent the explanation. And at the end, of course, it has a summary. All right, so features of an explanation text. It uses a question as a title because it needs to explain how or why something is made. A how or why question is used to make the reader want to read on to find the answer. It has an introduction because the introduction briefly introduces the topic of the explanation to the reader. It uses causal conjunctions and adverbials because these show the cause and effect within the text and how one event is linked to one other. It uses technical language for the topic. Technical vocabulary is used because it is specific to the subject of the text. It uses time conjunctions anadverbials to show the order of events. Time conjunctions and adverbals are used to show a sequence and how a process is often a set of chronologically ordered events. It includes diagrams or illustrations to give the reader a better understanding in a pictorial form. It uses organizational and presentational devices to structure the text, like titles, subheadings and paragraphs are used to make this text more structured and easier to read. It ends with a summary. The summary concludes the text and often discusses what may happen next. Cup of tea here are a set of instructions on how to make a cup of tea. Can you tell? The text is an instructional text and not an explanation text, so this is. An instructional text or an explanation text, which one? Instructional? Yes, it's an instructional text, so let's read it. Sean, could you read the paragraph for us, please? How to make a cup of tea looking for or a hot, refreshing beaver average the bridge, need a drink that take all the world, both of the day away. Brmost popular drink, drink tea, is drck in almost every household in the country, and with 160000000 cups made every day in Britain alone, making a good cup and. Making a good cup is an important skill to learn. You will need a kettle, water and tea backs, and also p milk mug in Britain. They use milk and tea. It's britit's tea with milk, and it's Britain's most popular drink. So they put milk in the tea. So what's the first instruction, Carlos, can you read to it? Ps, please? Fill the ketle with the correct volume of water to almost fill the mug you have chosen to use. Yes. Number two, Evan, could you tell us the instruction, please? Plck the kettle into the socket and switch it on both at the socket and on the kettle itself. Shn can you tell us number three please? Select your flavor for empty favorites of tea and place one tea bag into your mug. Yes Carlos number four please. The kedle switches off, pull the boiling water into can walk until the surface faces, surface of the water is approximately, approximately 2 cm ter from the top of the mug. Sean, could you read number five please? Leave the tea bag in the water for one to four minutes, depending on how strong you like your teeth. Eva number five, number six, please. With a teaspoon, squeeze the tea bag against the side of the muk, then remove it. Carlos, number seven, please. More amount of filled milk to the tea until it turned your desired color. Yes. Number eight, Sean, please. Once the tea is cool enough, once the tea is cool enough, drink and enjoy. There are eight steps to making this t. So as you can see, it shows the instructions in a chronological order. Top tick while the kit will boils, it is a perfect time to get some biscuits ready to have with your cup of tea. So as you can see, making a cup of tea is as easy as pie. Now go impress someone with your tip. Top tea making skills. Here are the features from both text types to help you explain your answer. Instructional texts, explanation texts instructional texts use organizational devices to structure the writing. Explanation texts use a question as a title. Instructional texts include an introduction with questions to interest the reader. Explanation texts include an introduction. Instructional texts include what is needed and a method or list of steps. Explanation texts use causal conjunctions and adverbials. Instructional texts put the steps in chronological order. Explanation text uses technical language for the topic. Instructional texts use imperative verbs. Explanation tets use time conjunctions and adverbals to show the order of events. Instructional texts include accurate descriptions and technical language. Explanation texts include diagrams or illustrations with captions. Instructional texts include tips and extra advice for the reader. Explanation texts use organizsaand presentational devices to structure the text. Instructional texts include a conclusion directed at the reader. Explanation text ends with a summary. Yes, Sean, do you have a question? Sean, do you have a question? No. Okay. Does anybody have a question? No, no. Okay. Later on in this unit, you will be designing a machine to make a meal for Tim pek while he is on the International Space Station. Who is Tim peak? Tim peak is a British astronaut and former Army Air corpse officer. He made history as the first British astronaut to visit the International Space Station, conducting scientific experiments during his mission in 20 1516. Do you know how astronauts drink liquid in space? So I'm going to show the video to you one more time. So this video shows how the astronauts drink liquid in space. Let me show it to you one more time. Third one is also where we store all our food. So on the starboard side, we've got all of our food containers, and then on the port side, we have our drinks containers up here. Let's go find a cup of coffee. So now our coffee packet is filled with nice hot water. We just need a little plastic straw. Insert the straw, take the cap off. I drink. Looks easy. Okay, now let's go ve back to the. Okay, so. Now, Kim also has a machine that helps him to create a perfect cup of tea while in space. As you see in the video, once in space, astronauts have to drink from liquid filled foil bags with a special valve on a drinking straw to stop the liquid from floating away. Can you think what steps the tea making machine might have to go through and explain them to the class? Can you think of a tea making machine and what steps it has to go through? So imagine you had a temaking machine. How would you explain the steps? What would be your instructions? Get the tea up and put the the tea bag in, and the machine will add hot water into the, it will add some milk and maybe a little bit of sugar. And then come on. Okay. Anybody else have other. If you had a tea making machine, how would you instruct how to use it? 嗯，弄完毕。No no ID. Okay. Now the thingy starts off by crashing into the side of the big block. Is this okay? This is a sentence. Do you think this is a good sentence to use in your explanation text? The thing gy starts off by crashing into the side of the big block. Is that a good sentence? Nope. No. Why not? Food. I think it feels like an explanation test. Yes, this is an explanation text. But if you were writing an explanation text, would you write a sentence like this? Yeah, yes. No, not really. Yeah, no, you shouldn't you shouldn't write a sentence like this neither in an explanation text nor in an instructional text because thingy. What does thingy mean? What's thingy? You have to be specific. We don't understand what thing you are talking about, so you need to be clear in your sentence by crashing, crashing. Crashing doesn't seem like a suitable verb here, because when two things crash, they normally destroy each other. So crashing might not be the correct verb. Into the side of the big block. What does it mean by big block? Where is the big block? So this sentence is not an appropriate sentence, so we need to improve the sentences. Let's take this sentence. The thing gy starts off by crashing into the side of the big block. So if we wrote this in an explanation text, we need to include detailed information about the topic. We should use causal conjunctions and adverbials. We should use technical language. We should use time conjunctions and adverbals to show the order of events. So we might say, firstly, so I'm going to change this sentence and say firstly, that's my time order. Firstly, the piston. Piston is technical vocabulary. The piston extends and pushes the large block, and a result, as a result, shows cause and effect. As a result, it moves forward. So this is a much better sentence. Afterwards, first at that moment, finally before wild, then. Later, just then, next, after a few seconds, what sort of words or phrases are these? Yes, they are time conjunctions and adverbials. They tell you when things happen, so they are called time conjunctions and adverbials. Can you use time conjunctions or adverbals to show the order of events in this sentence? So have a look at this sentence. The cup travels along a conveyor belt the way it makes a trap door open. Use one of the time conjunctions to rewrite this sentence. Where would you put the time conjunction? First? The cop travels along a conveyor spt, then the makes the trapdoor open. Yes, that's right. We could say that. We could say, first the cup travels along a conveyor belt, then the weight makes a trap door open. Any other. I did the. First and first and afterward, yes, you can say, first the cup travels along a conveyor belt. Afterwards, the weight makes a trap door open. Or you can say later or after a few seconds, the weight makes a trap door open. Okay, so this is one way to improve it. First, the cup travels a conveyobelt. Next, the weight makes a trap door open. Improving sentences because, consequently, so that as a result, for this reason, therefore, subsequently, due to since, what sort of words or phrases are these? These are causal conjunctions and adverbials. They tell you about the cause and effect of actions. So if we want to show the cause and effect of an action, we can use these words. Can you improve this sentence by adding causal conjunctions or adverbials? So you've got the sentence, the cup lands on a ring, blames, turn on to heat the which of these words can you use to rewrite this sentence to improve it? The cook lands on a ring, therefore blaturn on them to hethe. Okay, any other ideas? Ds? No pe, let's have a look. The cup plaon a ring. As a result, planes turn on to heat the tea. Okay, we have some technical vocabulary here. Look carefully at the technical vocabulary word mat. Okay, I'm going to give you five minutes. Read the words and read the definitions. And then I'm going to ask you some questions. So you have five minutes. 你好。No where. 看电是。脑邓你好。老师呢。Finish. Finish. Do. All right, has everybody read the words and the definitions? Yes, but I can't much remember it. Okay, now what I want you to do is I'm going to give you a word and you're going to use that word in a sentence. So let me start with Carlos. Carlos, use the word kston in a sentence. How would you use it? Mr, yes. Why hope to make a sentence with this son? Okay, you can choose any word you like, then you can choose any word you like and see if you can make a sentence with it. The cat's claw is very short, so the cat scratched my mom's face. Okay, normally, yes, a claw is found on a ccat, but have you read the definition on this page? What's a claw? But I could, but I couldn't use our claw to make sure I use that one. Okay? So a claw is a sharp, usually curved instrument used to pick up things with the machine within the machine. For example, the claw of the machine picked up the cup and put it in the, let's say, in the section where the water was boiling. So let's ask Sean. Sean, sorry. I have an idea about what, how to make the close sentence. Oh, okay, yes, carenough, the rover used to, the robot used it, call to pick up stones. Okay, great. Sean, would you like to create a sentence with one of the words on the list? No release. No, no idea. Okay, let's ask Ivan. Ivan, can you make a sentence with one of the words in the list? Okay, let me. The my automatic the the oven the oven that I bought is automatic. Sorry, which word did you use? Automatic. Automatic. Okay. So yes, so it happens without the human need. Okay, great. Okay. Where could you look up a definition if you were not sure of a words meaning? Look at a power context. Yes, you would look at a context or you could use a dictionary. Can you improve this sentence? See if you can add technical vocabulary, a causal conjunction or adverbial, and a time conjunction or adverbial. The block pulls off the edge of the thing and lands on a pad that makes a gei go round. Okay, can you add any technical vocabulary, a causal conjunction and a time conjunction to improve this sentence? Not. The the face of the and lands on. But. Let's go back. I'm just going to go back. Will I go to a toilet? Yes, you can. Okay. Miear. Everybody. Here? Anybody here? No, hello, 你们怎你们干什么呢？Or. Sorry, there was a disconnection. Can you hear me? Can you see me, and can you hear me right now? Can everybody hear me? Can everybody see me? Yes. Okay, that's great. Because there was a technical error, there was a disconnection. But okay, I think it's fine right now. All, so we were looking at how to improve this sentence. Let's have a look at it. Oops, we lost it. Let's have a look at one more time. All right. So the block falls off the edge of the thing. Now we can say instead of thing, we need a technical, the word here. So we might say the block falls off the edge of the machine and lands on a pad, which causes, which causes the gear to go around. Sorry, Ian. Yes. And lands automatically on excellent. That's a good idea. And automatically lands on a pad that makes a gig go around. That's good. Okay, wonderful. Let's go on to the next part. Can you now use the word match to help you to improve your sentences on your perfect cup of tea activity sheet? So this is your activity sheet. If you have your books, you can also find it in the book. And let me see if I can try to open the pdf as well. So this is the activity sheet sheet. It's an instructional text which shows you how to make the Teso. The events are in chronological order, but we're going to use the word mat. So I'll go back to the previous slide. So where was our word mat? This is the word mat. This word mat has technical vocabulary. We're going to use words from this list to improve the instructions in this text. Yes, Carlos, did you have a question? Work. No, we're doing it now because we have time to do it now. It's not your homework. We're going to do it now as a group. All right. So let's look, sorry. What's our homework? And this one I'll have I'll have a look if you have homework, this might be your homework, but since we have some time left over, we can do the homework together because we still have ten minutes. So I cannot not go on to the next lesson, so I have to just focus on this lesson so we can do the homework together since we still have ten minutes. Let's look at the first step. Cup moves and falls off at the end. Who can change this into a more formal sentence? What is the cup in what is the second and third word? I can, I cannot read, what is the p moso? I'll tell you the sentence moves, cup moves and falls off at the end. Look. First the cup moves and then falls off at the end. Okay, let's make it a bit more formal. So first, yes, first the cup moves and then it falls off. Instead of falls off, let's use a more formal verb. Let's make it more formal. What can we say? Oops, I just lost a page. There we go. And cup moves and. Goes into a comes out of, let's say, comes out, comes out of the machine at the end. First the cup moves and comes out of the machine at the end. That makes it more formal. Step two, weight opens a door and tea bag filels, it lands in cup. How can we make this one more formal? Wait, opens the door and turn be back home next. So we're going to say next, next weight opens a door. And then. As a result, as a result, he alls balls very good. That's right. Next the weight opens a door, and as a result, the tebag comes out. Yeah. Afterwards it lands ns in the cup. It yes. Okay. What about number three? Extra weight makes shelf drop and cup lands on the next conveyor belt. How can I make this more formal? The extra weight makes the shelf drops呃drops。So the cop can lands on the next or belt. Yes, then the extra weight makes the shelf drop. And consequently we can say consequently, and consequently the cup lands on the next conveyor belt. Step four, cut pushers, container of water, cut pfuls and water pours in. How can I improve this sentence? Of shes container of water. The cop pushes a container of water. The cop, yes, then the cogoes alls and the water pours in, okay. All right, we could even use a causal conjunction here, so we can say the cup wishes the container of water which causes, which causes the cup to fall. And as a result, water pours in. Step five, cup on ring and flames heat tea. How can I improve this sentence? Because the cup is on the ring ink, so the flames, heat hthe team very good. That's a good sentence. Step six, floor picks up t, and the t leaves the machine. How can I improve this sentence? The clock picks up the teautomatically and teleaves the machine. That's good. So we can say finally, because this is the last step we can add in. Finally, finally, the claw picicks up the t, and consequently the t leaves the machine. Perfect. Very good. All so fine work. So Carlos was asking about fine work. Carlos, this is the homework hunthe features. You should now be really confident at recognizing the following language features of explanation texts, which are time conjunctions and adverbals causal conjunctions and adverbals technical vocabulary. Sort them into the correct piles on sheets. So we already actually did that. So let me just have a look at it again. What you can do as homework is just find examples of explanation texts and instructional texts. So if you can find one example of an explanation text and one example of an instruction text, you can share it with us in the next lesson, and you can talk about the features of that text. So one explanation text, one instruction text, show us an example in our next lesson and talk about the features of it. All right. So guys, do you have any questions? Okay, we've completed the lesson for today, so goodbye.