Hi, Carlos. How are you today? Okay, there's still two minutes and I'm waiting for two other students. Okay, so let's wait for another two minutes, then we'll start. Okay. So I don't think. Okay, Sean has just entered. Hi, Sean, how are you today? Okay, let's begin then. And so I don't so let's begin. Hi los could you please mute your microphone? That's. Better. Okay. And Ivan has through. Hi, Ivan, how are you today? I'm good. That's good. Let's begin. So today in our lesson today. So yesterday I'll just revise what we did yesterday. So yesterday we were looking at explanation texts. So explanation texts, they tell us how something is done or why something is done. It shows us the stages, the events of something when we are producing a product maybe or when we are writing an article. So an explanation text can be explaining anything. And in an explanation text, we have technical vocabulary, vocabulary that relates to that topic. We have time phrases which show the order of events, like first this happens, next this happens, then that happens after. And finally, then in an explanation text, we have words that show the cause and effect relationships between the events. So for example, this causes this as a result, consequently, subsequently. So these words show the cause and effect relationships between the events. So now that was yesterday's lesson. Today's lesson is lesson number two. We are comparing explanations and instructions. Let's have a look. We did the high work with you together yesterday because we had time. So we did the high work together. So the high work review, let's review the homework one more time. So the title of our high work was how to catch an astronaut. How to catch an astronaut. As you can see over here in the orange highlighted section, we have the question. The question works as a title. So we can use a question as our title in our explanation text because we want to know how something is done or why something is done. And then in this one, it told us in this article how how does the how to catch an astront, how we can catch an astronaut. So this was the title, and then we've got the introduction. So the yellow highlighted section is the introduction. The introduction gives background information about the topic we want to talk about. So in this paragraph, let's read the introduction one more time. Carlos, can you unmute yourself and read the introduction for us, please? See the yellow highlighted part? Me, yes, Carlos, just the yellow highlighted section. The introduction. Can you read the introduction? No, no stone, who was one of the first astroners step on the. Name is that. Whoever gets the the end first, it to stop the process in the go of does to not. Yes, that's right. Very good. So this is giving background information about the topic. And then see the pink highlighted part. This is the subtitle. So our subtitle is shn. Can you tell us the subtitle please? How the main game works yes, this is our subtitle, how the main game works. And Ian, can you tell me all the technical words? All the technical words are they are highlighted. They are highlighted in blue. Yes. Vibrate boat. Yes. Thank you, Eva. Now can you tell me all the conjunctions please? The time conjunctions first. Next on here. Yes, thank you. Excellent. And Carlos, can you tell me all the words that show the cause and effect relationship between the events? Yes, and subsequently so as a result, consequently, subsequently show us the time and effect relationship in the events of this topic. Okay, shn, could you read the summary for us, please? The game the game is fun to play and children have really enjoyed it. The mechanism meism. For caching the astronaut in the middle of the game is an exciting panmain. Funwhich involves a complete set of ten reactions to in charge the player engage to engage the players. Yes. So this is the summary. So the summary comes at the end of the text. Great. Wonderful work. Excellent. Let's move on. So the aim of this lesson is that you can compare and contrast text types, being able to identify the features of an explanation test, using checklists to help compare explanations and instructions, and say which features should be used in instructions and which features should be used in explanations. What is your favorite breakfast, Carlos? Carlos, can you hear me? No, I don't think he can. All right. Evan, Evan, what's your favorite breakfast? My favorite breakfast is sandwich a bacon and some sausages. Okay? N, what's your favorite breakfast? Eggs and bread, okay? Okay so Sean you said eggs and bread. How do you make your eggs? Shun? Do you boil your eggs? Do you make an omelet? Do you fry them? How do you make your eggs? Just like how it looks in the picture. Okay, so you fry it, you fry it in the pan. Okay, alright and Ivan, what did you say you you had for breakfast? I said sandwich, bacon and sausages. Okay, so Evan, how do you make your sandwich? Can you tell us it is just spread handsome? How to say those? Inside and a piece of ham and cheese, a slice of cheese Yeah and I put in the oven and heated. Okay, so you toast it, you toast your sandwich a little bit to make it warm. And the手按中间不按知道吗？两不按，只按键，are you okay? Carlos, are you all right? Can you hear me? Yeah, okay. So Carlos, what's your favorite breakfast? 准。Okay. I think Carlos is having some technical problems, so I'll Carlos, I can't hear you. I think you're experiencing some technical problems. Okay, it's okay. I'll just move on to the next slide. Sorry all. So imagine if you could lie in bed and it was made for you by sosean. Who would your breakfast be made by? So you are lying in bed and who would prepare your breakfast for you? I think my mom, your mom, of course, yes. Well, shaimagine you grow up and you're an adult and you're working full time, you're very, very busy. That youhave no time to prepare your own breakfast, and your mom is not with you. How would you have your breakfast prepared? Sean? What would you imagine about if you had no time and you had to eat your breakfast? Who would be made for you by. I will probably just get a slice of bread into sea. Okay, so you would go the easy way. Alright, right, Ian. Imagine Ian, you have a very busy life and your mom's not with you. Imagine if you could lie in bed and it was made for you by who maybe my mom were. I just don't eat it because sometimes I'm not hungry in the morning. Okay? So sometimes you just skip breakfast, you just skip it. Yeah, sometimes. Yeah. Okay, alright, so of course, breakfast machine. Imagine you had a breakfast machine in the kitchen. How would you feel if there was a breakfast machine in your kitchen? I'm sure your mum would be very happy, wouldn't she, if she had a breakfast machine in her kitchen? Yeah, breacky break. So look at this machine. How does it work on the inside? When you look at this machine, how do you think it works? What happens first? What happens next? Then after? Finally, what are the stages of this machine to get your breakfast? What do you think? There's a chicken laace and there's a pan flying when the chicken lays it, then the pwill get it. And eggs. Okay. I can see a computer type of thing in front of the machine. I think first you type in what you want for brikey. Yeah, for brachie, I want this, this, this and this. And then the machine codes that and starts its work. Do you think that's a real hen? I think Yeah Yeah, a real hen in the kitchen. That's a bit strange. Okay. But how lay act if it's not a real I mean, yes, that's another point. You're right. Do you think such a machine could be possible in the future? Maybe, maybe, who knows? Yes, could be maybe. All right. Okay. So this is not an explanation text. Can you work out what kind of text it is? How do you know that it's not an explanation test text? So when we look at the title how to use the perfect breakfast machine, is this a question? No, it's not a question. So our title is not a question. That means it's not an explanation text because it hasn't got the question. So let's have a look at the text. Sorry, instruction. That's right, Yvan. Yes, it's an instruction text. Why, Evan, how did you understand? It's an instruction text because it tells you what to do. That's right. Yes, it tells you step by step what you need to do to get it working. Yes. How to use the perfect breakfast machine? Have you ever laying in bed wishing breakfast would just cook itself? Well, now it does use the perfect breakfast machine and cuda. Your favorite breakfast will be produced in minutes. You will need a perfect breakfast machine, a remote control, a desire for a tasty breakfast. So let's read the instructions. Sean, could you read the instructions for us, please? First. Click the switch on the remote control to activate the machine. Print one of the three breakfast option cereals, pancakes or a fry. If you select the fryer option, you will see a fur further list of options appear on the screen. Once you have complete your order, select the submit button and at the bottom of the remote, wait for five minute and your perfect breakfast machine will. To let you know that your breakfast is ready, watch the timer take down on the remote so you can check how much longer you have to wait. Six. Finally, enjoy a tasty, tasty Hanle free breakfast. Yes, thank you. So this life changing machine really is easy to use, but retain these instructions for future reference. This is actually an instructional text. It tells you what to do. An explanation text tells you. Sorry, an explanation text tells you how something works. So the difference is that in an explanation text, it tells you how or why something works, but in an instructional text, it tells you what you need to do. Okay so can you compare the two text types using the activity on your the perfect breakfast activity sheet? Now I'm going to try and open the pdf for this because it's too small on the screen here so just bear with me. I'm gonna to try and open my let me see my pdf but just give me a second. Just need to find it from here. Okay. So we can bring that back up here. Okay, I'm going to try and share my screen so you can see it clearly. So this one. All right, let's go down to. All right, let me see if I can enlarge that. Okay. So this one, I'm just going to scroll down a little bit. Let's see if we can check that in. And if we can create a single page. All right. So what I'm going to do is try and make this bigger. Okay, so before we continue with the activity, let's have a look at the features of an instructional text. So in an instruction text, we have these particular features. Uses organizational devices to structure your writing. Includes an introduction with questions to interest the reader. Includes what is needed and a method or list of steps. Put the steps in chronological order. Uses imperative verbs. Includes accurate descriptions and technical language. Includes tips and extra advice for the reader. Includes a conclusion directed at the reader. So let's go through them step by step. So uses organizsational devices to structure your writing. So let's go back up. So as you can see in an instruction test text, there is an organization. First we've got the title. Then it asks questions or it makes an attractive statement to capture your attention. Yes, Carlos. Yes, Carlos, do you have a question you can ask? Lane have you ever laokay? Lane means to lie down. It's the verb three form of lie down. Lie down is when we are tired, we lie down on the bed or on the sofa or on the couch. So lane is verb three. It means to lie down past steps. Okay, so first it attracts your attention, then it gives you, it tells you what you need. Then it talks about the instructions in point form. So it writes numbers. So number one, number two, number three, because it's giving the instructions as it goes in that order. And then it gives an opinion statement at the end. So that's the organization of an instruction text. It includes an introduction with questions to interest the reader. So if we go back up first, it asks a question, have yet laying in bed wishing breakfast would just cook itself. So it's trying to attract your attention so that you can read it. Well, now it does. Here's the perfect breakfast machine. And tada, your favbreakfast will be produced in minutes. So it's trying to get you to read. This includes what is needed and a method or list of steps. So we go back up. So it shows us what is needed and it writes those in point form. So as you can see, it's not a whole sentence. That's just the name of that thing, and it writes it in point form and in steps by numbering the statements from one to six, it shows us what you need to do in each step. Put the steps in chronological order, so it just numbers them one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten. And it uses imperative verbs. Imperative verbs, let's give you an example. So it says, first click the switch. So it doesn't say you can click. If I say you can flick the switch, that's a normal sentence. You subject can click verb and then object. But this one doesn't start with the subject. It starts with the verb click. If you start something with directly the verb click, it means you're making an imperative. Yes, Carlos, you had a question. That's okay. That's all right. So an imperative verb is when you directly start your statement with the verb. For example, eat, eat your breakfast, that's an imperative. Sit down, that's an imperative. Go to bed, that's an imperative. You start directly with the verb. Okay, so next feature was includes accurate descriptions and technical language. Yes. So it can use technical language related to the topic and it can use descriptive words which means that it can describe the themms. For example here it says tasty castle, free breakfast. What kind of breakfast? Tasty, hassle free. This is describing the breakfast. And then we've got includes tips and extra advice for the reader. So at the end here it gives an advice. It says, this life changing machine really is easy to use, but retain these instructions for future reference. It's saying, keep, keep these instructions. So it's giving you advice of what to do. So this is the conclusion, and it's also the advice of the writer. Now let's go down to our exercise. Let's make that smaller to see. And I think we need to turn it around. Okay. I don't know why it's upside down like that. Okay, let's go back up. So let's recap the differences. Let's make it bigger. All right, so let's go through the differences one more time. Okay, sham, let's start with here. Sham, can you tell me one difference between an explanation and an instruction test? Tell me one difference. An explanation teltells you what and introducinstruction types show you how to do it. Yes. Yes, an explanation text talks about how something is made or done, but an instruction text tells you what to do. It gives you the steps of how you can do something or make something. Okay, Sean, can you give me one difference? Not really. Okay, let's ask Carlos then. Carlos, can you tell me one difference in between an explanation text and an instruction text? The instruction text is an order and it's and that's. Absolutely. 吗？Okay, let me help you. Let me just help you with it. So over here, I'm going to open my text box all, so let's write explanation text. So explanation text. Chales. Tell us how. Oh, you have to write it down. No, no, you don't have to write it down. But if you want to, you can. But you don't have to. It's not necessary. We're just talking about it. So explanation text tells us how always something is made, all right? But an instruction instruction text. Tells us how you do something, how you do something. So that's the main difference in an explanation text. Sorry. In an explanation text, there are sentences and explanations. So for example. It might see the machine takes the material. And transforms. It into liquid, let's say. So this is an explanation text, but in an instruction text. Okay, there are. There are orders. For example. For example, we can say take the take the water and for it. Pour it into the cup. So in an instruction text, there are orders, it's telling you what to do, do this, do that. But in an explanation text, you won't see that in an explanation text. It's just explaining it to you like somebody body's talking to you about something. Okay? And in an explanation text. You will find time phrases, time phrases. Used, but you will find diaphrases used in the sentences. For example. For example. Firstly. A button. Is switched on. And then. And then the machine. Works. Okay. So this is the kind of writing style you would see in an explanation text. Firstly, the button is switched on and then the machine, machine, wrong spelling there. And then the machine works, but in an instruction text, it will just show it to you in chronological order. So in an instruction text, it would number, it would say one, and then say two, and then three. So in an instruction text, there is a chronological order. So we call this a chronological. It's a chronological order, but we don't see that in an explanation text. So these are the main differences between these two texts. And also in an instruction text, you will also see advice, advice in the conclusion. So in an explanation text, there is no advice. In an explanation text, there is a summary. There is a summary at the end of the text. But in an instruction text, there is no summary. There is just advice in the conclusion. So that's the main difference. Now, the similarities, the similarities are that in both texts, what do we see? In both texts, there is technical vocabulary. Eboth an explanation text. And in an instruction text you will find technical vocabulary. So technical vocabulary is vocabulary that is related to that topic. Okay. So any other questions? Anything you don't understand? No, okay. I'm just going to go back up to the list to show you one more time the features of each text. So I'm just going to rotate this because I don't know why it's upside down. So let's try and see if I can fit all that into yes. Carlos, do you want me to go back to the other page? Carlos, were you saying something? Okay, okay, I see. That's okay. All right, so let's look at the features again. These are the features of an explanation text. In an explanation text, your title will be a question, but in an instruction text there is no question as a title. It's just a normal title in an instruction text and in each text, in an explanation text and in an instruction text, there is an introduction. So the this one, let me just tick the similarities. This one, where's my Pangle? Oh, good. Okay, so this one begins with an inaction. Okay? And this one, so I just put a dot there. In both texts you will find an introduction. So in an explanation text, it will give background information about the topic. And in an instruction text it will try to attract your attention with a question or an attractive sentence. Okay? In an explanation text there are time clauses, time phses, like first, next, after, finally, okay? And there are also cause and effect relationship words, like as a result, consequently, subsequently. But in in an instruction text, you won't see any of these. There are no cause and effect relationship words. There are no time phrases in an instruction text. In both texts there is technical language. In both texts you might see illustrations or drawings in both of them. And in an instruction text there is a chronological order. So the steps will be ordered one, two, three, four, five, six. And in an instruction text there will be imperative verbs. Do this, don't do that. It will start with the verb. And in an instruction text it will finally at the end in the conclusion it will give you advice. But in an explanation text there is no advice, there is just a summary. Okay dog, so that's it. Now just gonna rotate. Okay, so move on. Fine kin, I know what happened here. We'll see if I can. Okay, so let's see if I can make that smaller so you can see the whole picture. All right. Okay, guys, this is an instruction text. An instruction text is a simple text. The sentences are short, they are not long. But in an explanation text, the sentences can be long, but in this one they are short. So Ivan, what's this instruction text about? Exactly, Carlos, what are the materials you need to wash a car? Washing up only quick rocket water sponge yes, this is what you need. Shan, what's the first stage? Can you read the first stage for us, please? The preparation. Squat t square of washing up liquid to the bucket. Then fill the bucket slowly with water until it's full, until it is about three quarters full. Read for this is so it isn't too heavy to Carry. Place your spawonge into the bucket and carefully take the bucket off the. Of water the car. Yes, event. Can you read? Okay, Evan can read that for us. Evan, can you read stage two, washing the car, please? Okay, stay wathe car. Take your soapy sponge and add apply it to the doors of the car. Next, move your hands around in small circles until you notice the dirt from the car lives away. Repeat this, moving around the entire car until there's no third left. Yes, thank you. And Carlos, could you read stage three? Cleaning up please? The. Lines of all salty serts from the spgender bucket. Finally, return all the equipment used to the riable places. Yes. So rinse off all soapy sites. So this is as you can see, okay, so just show it to you like that. So as you can see in this instructional text, the things you have to do are set in chronological order. So it's subtitled them as stage one, stage two, stage three. And in each stage there are numbers. So the steps go from one to seven. So this is all in chronological order of how to wash the car. Is it easy? Is it easy to wash the car? Have you, have you ever washed a car? No. Would you like to. I don't mean I did have maybe. Especially in summer, it could be fun. It could be fun in summer with the soap and the water. Yeah, I think it would be fun. All right. Okay, so let's move on. So features of an explanation text. So let's have a look. Okay, I'm just going to try and get my cursor. Features of an explanation text. Did I so let's have a look at the features again. Did I use a question as a title? Yes, we use a question as a title. We have an introduction to give background information about the topic. We use causal conjunctions to show the cause and effect relationship between the events. We use technical language. We use time conjunctions to show the order of events like first, next, then finally. We can have illuillustrations or diagrams and we can use organizational. No, we don't have to in an explanation text. We don't have to use organizdevices. We just need the question has our title, the introduction, the explanation part and then the summary. So we need a summary at the end. Okay, so no Mar, yes, the grammar is important. So Carlos, do you remember which grammar tense we use in an explanation text? That's right. Very good. We use the present simple tense in an explanation text. Exactly. Okay, so let's rotate this subside down. All right? So how to make a perfect mud pie? All right. A mud pie. Have you ever heard of that? A mud pie. That's okay. How to make a perfect mud pie? This is an instruction text. So what I want you to do is have a look at the text. Let me see how long it is. Okay? It's just this long. Let me see. It's there is an extra part to it. No. Great. So the other one is less than three. Excellent. So we have time to do your homework again. That's great. This is homework. But I can see that we still have ten minutes left. So let's do your homework together again so you don't have to do it on your own. All guys. So this is the instruction text. If you have your notebook with you, you can write your answers to the four questions. There are four questions, okay? If you don't have your notebook with you, just save your asses in your mind. Ds, okay, I'll give you about five minutes. You have five minutes to answer the questions. Either save them in your mind or you can write your answers down, and then we'll review your answers. Yes, Sean. Yes, Sean, I have this. I have this. Oh, you have great, Sean, that's wonderful. Write your answers there. Okay, write your answers on the book. Then if you have your book with you, otherwise you can take nookay. Alright, guys, you have five minutes. Read it silently, quietly on your own and then answer your questions. Small. A the. My. Finally, find someone to offer your tasty finish. Everyone. Von, did you answer the questions, Yvonne? There are four questions, okay, take notes of your answers. You okay, ever mute your microphone, ever mute your microphone so that the others can work silently? Yes, H. I'm finished with answering. Okay, let's have a look at the asses together. All. So the first question, why might you need to add a small amount of water to the mud? Because you don't want to be Rubly bly crubly. Yes, exactly. That's right. Number two, would you liked sorry, number two, would you like to make a mud pie? Yes, Sean. Sean, you're muted. Can you unmute yourself? I can't hear you. Me, no, because why would I? I can't eat it, so that means I make it for nothing. Okay. So you think it will be a waste of time? Yeah, okay, all right. What about you, Carlos? Would you like to make a mud pie? Yeah, because that sounds. It sounds yummy. Okay, Ivan, would you like to make a mud pie? I, I would, I may make one, but I won't eat it because it is made of mud. I believe the mud is made from China. Yes, you could actually try this with chocolate or Cocola, maybe to be able to eat it. All right. Question three, summarize how to make the perfect mud pie using 15 words or a fewer. So if you had to summarize this with very, very short sentences, how would you summarize it? Make what a what. Put what's much on the plate and eat it and heated. That's very short. Anybody else have an idea of how we can summarize this in very short words? And okay, all right, let me ask you a question for then explain how the author has made these instructions easy to follow. So why is it easy to follow this text? Because it have simple instructions. Yes, very clear, simple instructions, no technical vocabulary, no complicated sentences. And it's all in chronological order. So you can see that there are numbers. And all the numbers have been used to help you make sure that you follow the steps carefully without missing anything. Yes, except for the numbers. There's something strange about the numbers. Why do you think it's like that? Eleventh, 17, 20, 24. There's something peculiar. I think that yes, there are numbers, but the numbers don't go in order. So there's something strange about that. Normally you would just remember them. Now there's one sentence. How many words? Sentence? No, I don't think it's about that. I think it's just got something to do with the original text. I think as they were scanning this text onto this pdf, I think there was some kind of not parolthing going on between the numbers and the statements, but that's okay. All right, then guys, we've come to the end of today's session. See you next time. Do you have any questions? No pe, no, no. I like see you later. Bye. Hello.