Yeah. Once I can burn, I'm just going to bring up the lesson. Give me 1s, I will rejoin. So today, we're going to have a look at two things. So it's going to be the topic that we didn't finish from last time, which is formality. And then the new topic that we're learning is called cohesive devices. So we'll learn a little bit more about what that is. What we aim to do is look at both, recap over both formal and informal language, rewrite sentences to make sure that they fit in a formal soil. And then for cohesive devices is using linking words services, cohesive devices. And. That's to link words together to improve our writing in general. Okay? So just to recap over what is kind of formality. Now, formality is how serious or how polite your writing can sound, okay? And formal writing is used when we are writing exams, when we need to write a letter, let's say maybe to the head teacher or to the government, and also during schoolwork as well. Okay? So could we write down the definition of formality is it's how serious or polite your writing sounds? And. With time. So I'm going to add the key features that we need within it. Is it informal? Informal? Yeah, informal. Informal, exactly. So here, informal, you're going to have things like precise grammar. You're going to have checking that we have correct spelling. Okay, okay, have to write the key features down. No, this is just for you to know you don't have to write the key features down. So we've got use of sophisticated vocabulary. So let's say for example, instead of happy, reput new word ecstatic, okay, which also means someone is overjoyed or if they are happy as well, okay? But it uses more sophisticated vocabulary rather than simple vocabulary, okay? Like simple, kind of more than simple adjectives and things like that. And we also have no contractions. Okay. So can you remind me what contractions are? Do you remember? I said, do we remember what contractions are? Not really about contractions, so it's slang word like can't, doesn't or don't want to. Okay, these are contractions. So we don't shorten the language, we clear it right it out clearly in full sentences. There's no abbreviations to it. Okay? So the only one I would say is to write down please is contractions if we're not sure what it means. Okay, right at the top. Functions, it is slang. Or shortened words. And then you can put an example eg don't. Have we written it down? Yeah, just the definition of formality and the definition of contractions. So again, I can't come today. I am unable to attend, okay, attend means when when when someone is invited. That when if someone is invited maybe to an event or to a special occasion, that if you bring your attendance or you attend, then you are giving your presenat this birthday party or at this event or at this occasion, okay, that's where we'll attend. So instead of come, we use attend. So these are what I would like to mention, how to make writing more formal. Okay? First of all, we remove contractions to, we write out the words in full from can't to cannot, don't to do, not want or it to. It is we also avoid slang. So instead of saying lots or loads, we say many or multiple, okay? And we use polite verbs. So instead of to ask someone, you make a request to someone, okay? You simply don't ask, but you request it, okay? So can we write these three downs on how these things down, on how to write more formally? Miss Hoven is finished. Okay, right. So what I would like us to do in this task is to rewrite these sentences formally. Okay? So the first one is, I've got loads of homework. And the second one is, can you help me out? Okay, so can you please write these in in formal sentences? Think about no contractions, trying to use polite verbs and to use no slang. Okay? Keep those three things in mind when rewriting into formal sentences. Once you've written them, you can save them and then I'll write them on on the whiteboard and we'll go through them together. Okay? If you write those out, Brian, I'm just going to go grab a tissue quickly. I'll be back in a second. Are almost done. Yeah, Yeah, okay. What did you write for the first sentence? The first sentence is I've got many okay, so I have is correct. I have the I would say instead got is kind of a slang word so you can say I have received or I have a lot of homework. Many in this sentence wouldn't exactly work. I have got many homework. Doesn't that make much sense? Okay, when we say many, it can mean a lot, but we would say, for example, there's many children in the park, okay? Or there's many clouds in the sky, but saying when we speaking in first person saying I have received or I have a lot of homework rather than I have many homework, okay, you can also say I have. Multiple. I want. Actually I think westick with I received or I have a lot of homework rather than I have many homework. Okay. It's one of the few sentences that does make sense. I've I'm trying to think we can maybe mention multiple or numerous as well. So I have numerous, which just means numbers a lot. I have numerous homework, okay? And we can say that instead. Okay. What about the second one? So maybe write that down as well as received or I have a lot of homework, okay. And just click on what I want. Can you help me visit? Can you help me with it? Yeah or can can so instead of help, that verb is an informal verb. So instead sert saying help and you. Can you assist the wizard? So can you assist me on this? Okay, I think your sentence is wide. I would just say that maybe assist is a better verb to use, okay? So maybe just write down that assist. What I might do quickly as well is just go through a list of words that we can use instead. So once you've written that down, let me know and I'll write the other words out. Have we written that down? Yeah, Yeah. Okay. So let's look at the changes from informal. Vbes to formmonth, or what we can call polite verbs. So for example, let's say we say can you back up. Okay, so a sentence could be, you know can you back me up on on this decision? So instead, we could say, can you support me on this decision? Okay. Another word is let's say get can you get me this piece of paper? So instead, we could say, can you obtain. This piece of paper or can you receive this piece of paper? So I have a letter coming in the mail. Can you receive it? Okay. So let's also say, can you check out so check out check out this giant spider and instead you can say investigate. Okay. We've also got, can you let me do this? Okay, can you allow me to do this or can you permit me to do this? Okay. And then let's say one final one. Let's say think about I want to take time to think about this job offer, okay? Instead, you could say, can I have time to consider my offer? Okay. So Brian, can we write down some of these? You don't have to write down all of them, but I would say at least write down four of them. So I would say maybe think about and consider, let let's say that one get and support. Okay? So you don't have to, right? Check out and investigate, but let's write these down. So these are just some examples of how we can take informal verbs and change them to formal and more polite verbs to be using in more formal language. Okay? Same thing actually as well. So let's try and use one more word. Instead of saying sorry, we would like to apologize. Maybe write that one down as well, just so we know that saying sorry is the same as saying to apologize for something. I apologize for my behavior. I know when you've written them down, okay? Okay. So just to go through quickly, just to let's have a go at these sentences. So the question is to pick each one, whether it's the sentence is formal or informal. So the first one, I would appreciate your help. Do we think it's formal or informal? I would appreciate your help. So is that first sentence formal or informal? What do we think, Brian? I. Would like your help? No. So the task is to pick whether each sentence is formal or informal. So I think the first one is mal, the second one to informal. Yes, feel correct. And why does that? Why do you pick that? What makes you decide which one's formal, which one's informal? It's because we've got things like we've got contractions in the sentence, in the second sentence, we've got we've got slang, okay? We've got informal verbs. That's why we've picked that as informal. Whereas the first one I would appreciate that's a polite, okay, your help or your assistance even would be better. Okay, right. Let's move on. Okay. So the new topic that we're going through today is called cohesive devices. Now cohesive devices help sentences and paragraphs flow smoothly, okay? They're used or known as a linking words. So. What are cohesive devices? They are words or phrases that link ideas together, and they help writing make sense. So can we just write down cohesive devices? And to write, they link ideas together. They are words or phrases. So words slash phrases. That link. Ideas together, and we write that down for the definition of cohesive devices. So common examples of cohesive devices is adding ideas together. So we can say, for example, and also Furthermore, we can also say in addition. In addition, okay, so these are for things to add ideas or kind of lengthen sentences, okay? So we can say also I had another idea about our picnic, what we should do for our picnic. Okay? These are my reasons why I believe I should be head girl. Furthermore, I will fight for everyone's rights. Okay, so that's adding ideas and things in lengthening sentence, but giving your reasons. And this is to give an explanation, we can use words like because since, and again, well, therefore, okay, so since I've started doing this, I so since I've started going to the gym, I feel healthier, okay? Because I read a book, I know new words. Okay, so can we write these two down? Let me just double check. So what I would like you to do is because we've got three more, so I'll show you one more is so showing contrast, which means if you show a difference in language or a change of opinion, you can show contrast. So however, although you said this point, okay, and then giving examples, you can just say, for example, sometimes you can do eeg and then such as, okay. So what I'd like you to do from these three is to write down. So adding, I. Second, adding ideas to write down, let's say, also, and and for giving reasons, let's do because therefore, and then for showing contrast, let's do. However, although, okay, so can we write these kind of two points for each one? So adding ideas and then also giving reasons because and therefore, and then I'll go onto the other page to write about giving contrast. Okay. Let me know when you've written them down again, and we'll move along. We finish. Writing it down. Okay, okay, no worries. Miss, I finished. Okay, great. So for this one, I'm not going to let you get you to write it down, bribut just to know showing contrast. Remember, when we're showing a difference, we can use words like however, although, and, but. Okay, so let's have a go at just looking at a few examples of how we can use cohesive devices in our sentences. The the weather was called semicolon, therefore. Therefore, we stayed inside. I enjoy reading semicolon. However, I do not like horror stories. Okay, so this one is an example of showing contrast. Okay, so and this is for an explanation. They stayed inside because it was cold. Okay, so these are some examples that we can use of how to use cohesive devices within sentences. Okay, right. So let's have a look. Okay, so let's have a go at practicing some melbne. If we've got time, I'll get you to write the example sentences down. But let's do some practice for now so we can say choose the best cohesive device linker. I was tired, however, but therefore I finished my homework. Which word do we think fits in the sentence? However, but still therefore fall. So I'll show you the example sentences again. The weather was cold, therefore we stayed inside. I enjoy reading, however, I do not like horror moot stories. So one is showing contrast, one is giving an explanation. Okay. Just to recap over the types of words that we have, adding ideas is also and giving a reason is because therefore showing contrast is however, although and then giving examples is for example, eg or such as, okay, so which word do we think fits best into this sentence? I was tired something I finished my homework. What do we think? I think, Yeah, I was tired, but I finished my homework. Good. So if we go over, it's showing contrast, right? So he's saying that even though he was tired, he still finished his homework. Okay? So this one is an example of showing contrast. Okay, next example, improve the sentences. Okay, so add linking words to improve the flow of this sentence. I like football. I play every weekend. I want to improve. What words can we add to improve the flow of these sentences and to make sure that these sentences can join up together? So what words do we think, Brian? So just a recap over these. These are the words that we can use. And also Furthermore, because since, therefore, but however, although for example, and such as, okay, what words can we use to improve this paragraph and improve the flow? So. If we're not, are we sure? And can we have a go or no? I because I like football, so I play every week, but I want to but I want to improve. Yes, because I like football. I play comma. I play every weekend comma, but I want to improve. So instead of just using the words, but and because because the the main words that we do use, we can say, I like football. Therefore. I play every weekend. However. I want to improve. Okay? So this way we make sure that we're not using the same words every time because even in the last one, we use the word, we use the word buts, okay? So we want na, make sure we don't use the same words again and again, okay? That's why I like football. Therefore, I play every weekend. However, I want to improve. Okay. So just quickly, Brian, can we write this sentence down and then we'll bring the lesson to an end. Okay. So I like football, therefore, I play every weekend. However, I want to improve. Finished. Okay, excellent. Well done, Brian. And then we will speak on Tuesday for our next lesson, and I will also post your homework from today. So it will be cohesive devices and formality. Okay. Okay, bye.