Hello. Okay Brown so today we're going to be looking at clear meaning of sentences and something called ambiguity. So we'll get onto that when we when we get onto the lesson plan for now we're gonna to recap over what we learn on Tuesday. Okay, so just to remind ourselves what we learned from Tuesday, we learned the word. Nominalization, okay, nominalization was taking a verb or an adjective, so a doing action word, where a descriptive word and turning it into a noun. So for example, decide or to decide becomes finalized and it becomes decision. We said certain things about this is because it is more for. Or ascertain. Same thing again, fail to fail becomes failure, and to improve becomes improvement. Okay. So what I'm looking to do, Brian, just as a quick recap, is to rewrite these sentences using a noun so you can just say it to me. Yeah, the. The failure. I'm the fairly close. The close is a failure okay test okay. Yeah. So after completing the the test, you can say or you can say the class, let's have a think, okay? Or you can you can say. The. Failure. The class. Definitely the failure of the class. And the test. Was clear. So it doesn't mean that we can't add new words into it, okay? If we need to add words into it, we do so just to make the sentence a bit more clearer, okay? When we do nominalization. You are allowed to do two things. You're allowed to turn the verb or adjective. Into a noun and you are allowed to add new words, okay? So if it makes them a sentence a bit more clearer, then you can add new words in. Okay, what about the second sentence? The teacher improved results. But the teacher improved results. What can we say for that? And teach have a lot improvement on the results. So. Improvement. On the results. Yeah the second sentence is fine. Good. The teacher had a lot of improvement on the results. Or you can talk about how strongly the teacher had an improvement on the results. So the teacher had a significant improvement on the results, okay, or a good improvement on the results as well. So that can be said as well rather than just improvement on its own. But yes, fine, let's move along. Okay? Do we have any before I move on? Do we have any questions about nominalization? Or do we want to practice one more sentence? On practice one or I is Yeah okay, that's okay. Let's see. Let's have a go at an example. Let me just have a think of it. Okay, let's say. Release. Investigated. A new crime scene, let's say. Let's try that one and let's try another one. Miss Su is a crime sense, a crime scene. So a crime scene is when after, let's say, okay, let's say someone's stolen something from a shop or let's say someone's hurt someone in a house, that place becomes a crime scene. So it's a place where someone has carried out or committed a crime. Okay? So I can write that down. They've committed. Or carried. A crime. A place. So let's say, for example, it could be a shop, it could be a house. Okay, that's what crime scene means. We can also think of it in, you know for example, let's say the second sentence they completed. The task. Successfully. So let's have a go at these two sentences, maybe have a think and write down some guesses, and then we'll talk about how we can change these. Now let's have a go at these two sentences, please. Okay, what about the first sentence of the police investigated a new crime scene? What can we say instead? Okay. So we can say look, the. Permit the pin investment gate. So investigated becomes investigation. So how does that change the sentence? What can we say? So let's say this, okay, the police. Carried out an investigation. Carried out an investigation at the crime scene. So he said they carried out an investigation at the crime scene. So what we do is we usually add a few things at the end of our verbs and adjectives. So let's say, for example, I don't know, I'm just gonna to scroll down a little bit, let me come back to it. So if we've got words like investigate. We've got things like demonstrate. We think we've got things like fail. We've got developed. We can also have, let's say, to arrive to perform. You can also have words like adjectives. So let's say happy, be happy and to be last one also find. Okay, so these are our verbs or adjectives. Okay. And to change adjectives into nouns, we can add a couple of things to these words. We can add. And swap it at tio. Okay, we can add. M E T we can add ants. And we can add ants. No. Oh, sorry. No owness. So for example, kind can become kindness. Yeah good. What will happy become? I don't know. That's okay. It becomes happy. We get rid of the why happiness. What about the form? Any guesses? Gutra is performance like to perform an act and then Carry out a performance. Anc, okay, you've then got arrive and think about like at the airport, you've got arrival, okay. And then we've got development. Yeah, excellent development. Go here. The last one, do we know about demonstrate? Demonstration? Yeah, excellent. So what I would like you to do, Brian, is just write down any of the ones that we weren't sure about. So maybe write down happiness. Sorry, write down happiness, right? So I described it all down and because like review. Okay, sure. Yeah, absolutely. I'll just write here for you that it's common endings. I'm also just going to write an example here as well, just so we've got the sentence. On my I just finished writing, okay, so I was going to write the manager. Approved. So that's our. Approved the plan. And we can change it too. So here we approved or approved becomes. A okay, so the sentence then can become the. Approval. The plan. Aim. From. The manager. So we can write that down as an example as well. So the manager approved the plan and the approval of the plan came from the manager. So I write it up. Yes, please. Those nominalizations make a little bit more sense. For myself, it look at this. Okay, let's go back. Okay? Yeah so that was just one of the examples, but I don't I don't need to write that down. Are we happy to move on then, Brian? Yeah. Yeah. Okay. Okay. So what we're looking at today is something called ambiguity. Okay? So it's a new word. It's to spot unclear sentences, rewrite things clearly, and then help us generally improve your eleven plus. Okay? So what does ambiguity mean? Ambiguity means a sentence has more than one meaning. Okay, so let's write down the definition of ambiguity. It means a sentence has more than one meaning. And I'll explain what I mean by that in a second. I'm kind of just Charmy laptop. It's a lot where I'm at the battery. Oh, okay, okay. 应该剩二级左右，嗯。干。Miss finished writing you finished okay, good. Okay, so let's have an example. Look at an example of an ambiguous sentence. So he said, I saw the man with the telescope. So who has the telescope? Is the month. Right? So I saw the man with the telescope. And who has the telescope asking as a question, it can be the man. The second example that we have is the girl spoke to the teacher who was tired. So who was tired? Was it the girl or the teacher? So the person who was tired was the teacher. The girl just spoke to the teacher. So ambiguous when we talk about it means to be unclear or something that can be confusing because it can be understood in a different way. So let's say, for example, we have the sentence, let's eat grandma. Now someone can say that that could mean. Telling grandma. To eat, or some may refer to the sentence as eating grandma. So this girl spoke to the teacher who was tired. Is that her name or is she tired? Is it the girl that is is tired? Or is it the girl that's speaking to someone that is tired? Okay, so that's why we can change these meanings of these sentences. Okay? So again, ambiguties, when something like a word is unclear because it has more than one interpretation or more than one meaning, okay. Another example we could say is he gave her cat food. So he gave her cat food could mean he gave the cat food. Or it could mean he bed someone else. Food, okay, because all it says is it doesn't tell us who he fed. It just says he gave her cat food, okay? And mentioning her can indicate it could be a person or it could be a cat, okay? So it's anything that it's, it doesn't have a very clunderstanding or a clay meaning of a sentence, and it can be a single word by itself within the sentence or the whole sentence that can suggest multiple meanings. Okay, so these are some examples of ambiguity. Okay, let's say we write this example down. So let's eat grammar as an example and look at how it can have two meanings. It can literally mean eat grammar or telling grammar to eat. Do you see how the sentence can be a bit confusing because they can suggest both things if we don't have enough detail within the sentence? So can we write the let's eat grammar example down and then we'll move on? Once you written that example done, we'll move on. That's Yeah, okay. So let's have a think of this example here. So we want to read the sentence, write the two meanings of the sentence and then we're not gonna to share with our partner with just other partner is me today, okay? And then we'll decide together and we'll vote which meaning is clearer, okay? So the sentence in itself Buris she hit the man with the stick, okay? And I'd like you to write two meanings that you can think of about this sentence. She hit the man with the stick. What do we think of the two meanings of the sentences? She hit the man with the stike. Die minhoder. The 2 million I only think of one. I don't really know about what second meaning I'm thinking about the first million. I think she hit the man with a stick. Yeah. So she's the one who's she's the one who's performed the action. Good. Yeah, go. Yeah. And second one, I don't really know. Okay. So it says she is the one performing acts and the person she happens to be a man, right? Now what it can mean is either obviously, one is that she hit the man right with the stick. So what we see the sentence as, or you can say she. A man. Almost like with a stick, like not not that she used a stick, but she hit a man while he held a stick. Do you see how that could have two meanings? Because it says she hit the man with the stick and it can suggest that she hit the man with a stick, but it can also show that she hit a man while he was holding a stick. Does that make sense, Brian? So let's think of it like this. She let's say there were two menstanding there. She hit the one that was holding a stick, okay? So she hit the man with the stick. So it can mean that she used it as a weapon to hit them, or it can mean she attacked the one that was holding a stick in his hand, okay? So that's why a sentence can be ambiguous or it can have two meanings, okay? Let's have a few more at practice and see what we get. Okay, so the reason why ambiguity is a problem when writing, because it can confuse the reader a lot. Does it mean to eat grammar or eat with grammar? Okay. And sometimes it can sound very unclear as well. So that's what makes it a bit difficult. So how can we change ambiguity? How can a sentence go from being ambiguous? Will have more than one meaning to being clear and straight sentence. Okay, the way we can do that is from three things. First of all, we can change the word order. Second is add a bit more detail. And third is rewrite the whole sentence. Okay? These are the three ways you can change a sentence from being ambiguous to less ambiguous. Okay? So let's say, for example, we look at the sentence and she hit a man. With the stick. So to make it less ambiguous, I would change it too. She hit the man. Standing. Or. She hit the man. In blue, so we know what man is. So she hit the man in, we can say actually in blue jeans using a stick. As a weapon. Do you see how the sentence becomes less ambiguous? We've changed the sentence, we've breworded it. We've changed the word order. And now we've got she hit the man in blue jeans using a stick as her weapon. So we know it's clear that she beat the man with a stick. Okay, so we can change word order. We've added detail and we've rewritten the sentence. So let's have a go. So remember how previously, remember we said, let's go back. I saw the man with the telescope. It's like, who has the telescope? Is it the man with the telescope? I saw the man with the telescope. Okay. How we can change that to become a bit more clear, you can say using a telescope, I saw the man. Okay? So the reason being because I stole the man. With the telescope. So that can either mean she used telescope. Or she stole a man with. So man, let's say almost holding ding a telescope with a telescope. Okay. So that's why the sentence can be confusing, because it can show that she's trying to say she used her own telescope to see a man, or she saw a man holding a telescope. So a more clear version would be using a telescope comma. I saw the man. And also with using this verb changes the structure of the sentence. Okay, so brycan we write this example down? So write the original. Hold on, I'll write it next to it. So write the original sentence. Okay, and then write the new sentence down, please. And why the first sentence is ambiguous. Let me know when we written that example down and we can move on. Let me know when you written it down. We written. In it down. Okay, right. So let's have a go, ulthree. Let's have a go at rewriting these sentences clearly. So the first one is that she hit the man with the stick and the dog chased the boy on the bike. Okay. No, actually. So instead, because we've done that one for practice, let's just write sentence number two down, please, and then let me know when you've thought of it. So rewrite the second sentence, the dog chase the boy on the bike. So is it talking about the boy being on the bike, or is it the dog chasing the boy whilst being on the bike? Is it the dog on the bike or is it the boy on the bike? So the dog. Chased the boy on the back boy. So that would be the same sentence. How can we rewrite it to make it a bit more clear to know who is doing what action? Well, the dog is chasing the boy under that. So the way we would write it to be a bit more clear. So that's that issue with ambiguous sentences. Sometimes they're not as clear. Even though we understand what they mean, they might not be clear to everyone. Okay, so it's the the dog chaste. The boy. While he wrote his bike. Okay, this way it is a bit more clearer now it tells you that it is the dog doing the chasing and it is the boy riding his own bike. Does that make sense? Yeah, be sure. Are we sure it makes sense? Yeah. Okay. So last ask for today, Brian, I would like you to write one ambiguous sentence and then to rewrite it clearly. Okay. Think of an example, one ambiguous sentence and then to write that sentence a little bit more clearly. So I can give an example. Let's have a think. My my example would be. Geill. Store demand. With binoculars. So here we don't know who saw what it's does, who had the binoculars, was it the man holding the binoculars or was it Jill with the binoculars? Okay, so we can say, using. The Oh buy not. Cuers due stole the. So that way the second sentence is a lot more clearer about what is going on. So it's Jill doing the action and she is using the binoculars, whereas in the first sentence it either sounds like Jill has the binoculars or it's the man that has the binoculars. Okay. So can we have think one ambiguous sentence and then how we would rewrite it clearly? So let's say, for example, I saw someone. With a bat. Okay, now bat here can have two meanings. Can, yes, a bat can mean the flying animal, and a back can also mean the sports equipment. So how would we make this sentence more clearer and less ambiguous? I saw someone with a bat. Are we talking about the flying animal or we talking about sports equipment? So we can change that sentence to I saw someone with a wooden but. How does that change the sentence round? Okay, so I don't think we were paying attention too much towards the end. So what we're going to do is for our next lesson, Brian, we're going to go this again and I'm going to give you a small five minute test to go over and practice this. Okay? I will also be setting homework on this task. So we look at ambiguous sentences and then we can also recap over nominalization next week. Okay, so make sure sure you have even if you don't complete the homework until next Saturday, at least try and look at the homework just to help with understanding ambiguity better because I will ask a few questions on Tuesday, okay. All Brian bye.