Hello hello. How are you? Good? Good apologies. I've got to to send the homework. I got a little bit busy but I've uploaded it this week and then I've already put up the homework for today's lesson for next week as well. Okay, great. So today do I do two the the one for today do for next week and then the one from last week. You can do whenever you have time. Okay, all right. So the topic that we're doing is something called modal verbs. Okay, we're gonna to have a little look into what that actually means. So hopefully by the end of the of the lesson, we will know what modal verbs are and we can recognize them in sentences. We can use them in sentences to show different meanings. We can change the meaning of the whole sentence by switching between different modal verbs, and we form accurate sentences from simple sentences as well. So just a quick starter activity is I would like us to do a tense swap. So change each sentence into either past, present and future. So you've been given tenses already, but I would like you to change the tenses for new sentences. And then once you're done, I would like you to write a sentence not doing the modal verb because we haven't looked at that yet, but a sentence where you changed the tense, okay. I'd just say it. Yeah, you can say it. And so present that past tenfor she worked through school is just she walked to school. Yeah. So changing into past tense, she walked to school. Okay, good. And they played football. They played football. I think either though she walks Yeah she and present as she walks ago. In the future she will work too small. Yeah, so good. So so Yeah so we she well, walk to school. Excellent. Good. And that was future. What about the next sentence? They played football. They play the football is on the past since and just they play football presententhey play football and future tenses, they will play football and they play football. And that's and the third one, I think it's a future and president is always my grandma and Boston is visited my grandma. Yeah so I visit. 能吗？And I visited. My grandma. Good. Excellent. Okay. And then can we come up our sentence of our own and say them in three tenses, please? I'll just say. So. I write. My dog run the hill. My dog ran. Not run, but ran up the hill. This is Poston and. The present is my dog run up ran up the hill so my and she shouldn't is my dog will run up the hill. Yeah so it's my dog runup the hill for present. Okay, so we've got ran for past tense runs for present tense and will run for future tense. Good. Okay. The only one I would say to make a note of is for past tense to write run and for present tense to write down runs just so we can remember the next time. Okay? We've got one run on. Will run. That's passed. Featokay could. We make a note of that, please. Just this top bit, the run, run and will run. Let me know when you've written it down. We'll move on. Ich war finished? So let's have a look at what modal verbs actually mean. So what are modal verbs? Modal verbs modify another way. Another word for modify is to change the main verb. Okay? And reminding ourselves a verb is a doing doing word. It's an action word. It never changes form, so it will never change whether it's past, present or future. It shows things like the ability to do something, the permission to do something, the possibility of doing something, the obligation. So maybe you know for example, your mum m asks you to put the bins out, okay? It's something that is your duty, okay? Or it can be for certainty when you are certain to do something, okay? And the most common types of modal verbs that we can have are things like can, could. We can, have, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, okay, so can we write modal verb and how it modifies the main verb and write the examples of modal verb, please? So for example, I should do my homework, I could do my homework, I must do my homework, I might do my homework. I will do my homework tomorrow. Okay, so I'm just gonna to write another definition for you to write. So it's a type of verb. Shows either necessity, so it's necessary to do, or possibility, so you may or may not do it. Okay. Can we write that definition down, write that it change modifies the main verb and then the common examples? Is that likelihood? Or. Doing something. Okay. And then can we also write down actually these type words? So it shows the ability, permission, possiability obligation, which means duty or certainty that something will happen. So I must do my homework. Shows that there is certainty that you have to and you will do your homework. Okay? Miss ellfinished it right. Okay, let's move on. Okay, so the types of, as I mentioned, we have obviously different types of modal verbs. So we have something that can show the ability, something that can give us permission, something that is an obligation. So it's necessity, the possibility of something happening, or sometimes it can be for the certainty or future. Okay, so I've provided some examples for us to go through together. The first one is for the sorry bome, the ability. So meaning, can you do something or could you do something? Okay, it shows that someone is able to do something. Okay, can they do it? Could they do it so she can speak French? He could run fast when younger. Okay, that's the ability to do something. Permission is you asking politely for something, and that can be may, can or could. So may I open the window? You can begin now. Okay? It's either asking for permission or giving someone the permission to do something, and it's always in a polite manner. The possibility means that there may be a chance of something happening. For example, it might rain tomorrow. The examples are may, might, and could, and it shows that something that might happen. So it may rain tomorrow, they might come later. Okay. Obligation is something that is necessary to do. There is no choice. So it's very, we call them imperative verbs, okay? So they're very directing verbs like must should have to and it shows rules or exceptions. So it's you must finish your homework. You should drink more water. It doesn't necessarily have to be instruction. So for example, you should drink more water is advice rather than instructions, but you must finish your homework. Is you being told that you need to complete your homework? Okay. And then the last one can be future or certainty. So this is 100% that something will happen or something is going to happen and they're words like will and shall. So it's used to show future plans or certainty. So they will return soon. I shall help you. Okay. It's confirming and giving someone assurance that something is going to happen. Okay. So Brian for this one is quite important to write down. Give what each one write the title, okay? Give the examples and then choose one sentence to write. Okay. So could we write all five of them down, ability, permission, possibility, obligation, uncertainty, and to write all their examples and one sentence example. Okay. Non train? We're finished, let's move along. So now we're gonna to give ourselves some chance to to try some practice right? So I've just given some more examples for us to use. We don't need to write these one down but so we can just have a look at the examples. So the remember the ability to do something so they can do it. She can swim very fast the possibility so maybe something might happen. It might snow later. The permission. So either giving someone permission or asking permission, you may go home. Okay. Obligation. So it's your duty. It's necessary. You must listen carefully. And future again, relating to certainty. So it will happen, but in the near future, they will arrive tomorrow. Okay. Does that make sense so far? Yes. Okay. So for each one, please fill in the correct modal verb and choose the the correct one from the brackets and then this one I'm gonna we're gonna to do after. Okay, so let's have a go at these. So these are five sentences and I want us to fill the correct modal verb in each sentence. You must. He will he will. Yeah. He can. They will. She may. Excellent. Good. So out of which one of these sentences is permission, for example. Permission is the first on may. Yeah good. So that's permission. Which one is ability? And I can Yeah can speak French. Good. Which one is? Which one is certainty? Two handfull. Yeah good. So this one certainty, this one certainty and then this what is the last one? The first one, what is it an example of? Other what is the last the first one that's written what is that an example of so you must finish your homework a what you do what you must do like what you have to Yeah Yeah which so you what you must do so basically an obligation excellent good okay, so for the next task Brian, I would like us to swap the modal verbs to change the meaning of the sentence. So let's do not all of the sentence, let's do I'm gonna to highlight which sentences I would like you to do. Okay, let's change the first one, the third one and the fifth one please. The first one is you may finish your homework. You may or you can finish your homework or you should finish your homework. You probably Yeah. Okay. So you should you should finish your homework. What about and the third one, I think you must speak a French. Yeah. Because like the must is you have to like you can't survive without it is like that. Excellent. Yeah, really good explanation. Good. You have to and the last sentence, how can we change that? She may borrow a book. She have to borrow a book. So she has to borrow my book. So again, that's an obligation, right? You're telling her that she must have to borrow the book. Excellent. Good. Well done. Okay, right, let's move along. So for these tasks, Brian, I would like you to have a go at writing them down. So I would like you to write five sentences in total, each one using a different modal verb. Okay? So if you've used one modal verb, then you can't use another one, then you can't use the same one again, okay? So if you've used can or you've used must, you can not use it again, okay? And then after you've written the five sentences, I'd like you to choose two of the sentences you've written and rewrite them using a different modal verb to change the overall meaning of the sentence. Okay? So let's do this task first. Could you write it down just for practice? Then for the second task, you can say it, okay, so write the five sentences. And then for the second one, you can say it. So the example that they've given is she must finish her homework. She might finish her homework. 这是一组。Let's hear your five sentences then. The first sentence is he has to go to school. Okay, well, 1s I'm just going to write these down. And one, he has to go to school. Yeah. Oh, I have have to. I must drink water. I must drink water. The third one is you may borrow my pencil. And whose one is he can't swiin the water. Yep, and the last sentence of the fifth frais, I caught dent on this stage. I you said I can't. Yeah, okay, is I can't a type of modal verb. Can, I cannot not. So it's usually modal verb refers to when someone can do something, okay? So it's never I can't or I cannot. It's always when they are able to do something, we can do something or given the permission to do something, okay? So can we change that sentence and can we try right, one with they instead of I, he or she use the fifth sentence to write in day. They. They must go to, they must go to their lessons, okay, making sure we've already chosen we've already used the word must. Let's try another modverb. They might go to the lessons, might so they can be let's try and improve it so they might attend their lessons. By the way, tissue, yes, Yeah, of course you can. Finish, and I'm going to give you one sentence, and I'd like you to change the the modal verb from it. Okay. Let's say they. Should. So the sentence I've written is they should be able to cook dinner. What can we change get that into? They. Must. Be able to cook dinner Yeah they they must or you can even say they might. And I be able. All about to go to cook dinner. Excellent. Good. Okay, so. What I would like you to do for this one is improve each sentence by choosing a stronger or more precise modal verb, so precise meaning specific. A precise mean means specific. And the three sentences are, you can finish the race, they might come to the party. She will tidy her room. He had. He should finish the race. Yeah, you can say that he should finish the race. Yeah, good. They must St come to the body. She she has to tidy her. Good, well done. Okay, so right briyan that basically covers modal verbs now that that that kind of finishes the topic and we've had good practice with it. Now remember how I said last week we're gonna to do a little test to recap some topics that we've done for the last two months. Okay? So I'm going to ask some questions for you to do and I'd like us to do them. So we'll say between ten minutes for the test and then we will mark it together and look at your answers for ten minutes. Okay. So let me just bring it up for you. So we're going to go through a series of topics, starting with stuff that we've done from this week and last week. So the first question is on modal verbs. The second one is on determiners. The third question is on adverbs. And then let's go down. And then the fourth, what question is on prepositions? We then have direct versus indirect objects, and then we have irregular verb tenses. Okay, sorry, so far. Okay, so let's have a go and please write these answers in your book. And then when we finish all of the questions, we'll go over the answers together. Okay, so the first question is underline the modal verb in each sentence. Okay? So instead of rewriting the whole sentence, you can just write the word in your book. So let's let's have a go at answering these questions byon, I'll be back in just 1s. I'm just going to go get a glass of water, okay? Okay. Right? Most. In. So let me know when you've done question 12, and then we'll mark them and move on. I don't question two. Okay. So what was the modal verb in each sentence? So the first one is made. The second one is must. Yes, excellent. Good. So that's too much. Well done. And question two, the determinants for each sentence. The first one is in, the first one is enjoyed. Not quiet. So remember, determiners lets us know whose it belongs to, where something might be a pupil. So this one is remember how we said quantifier? Do you remember quantifier? Not really many. It can be many, few, some, most those kind of determiners. Okay? So in this case, many pupils enjoyed the trip. It talks about how many pupils enjoyed the trip. Okay? So if we don't remember, I'd say to write down quantifier. Okay, write down quantifier and write down the examples of quantifier. Once you've written that down, let's move on to the next one. Okay. So that sandwich belongs to me out of that sentence, which one is a determiner? And then out of the sentence that sandwich belongs to me, which is the determiner. Meat not quite. So it's that sandwich one. Oh, that sandwich. Okay. Like this water bottle to me. This phone belongs to me. This pen belongs to me. Okay. So it's talking about something that gives extra information about who it might belong to or how it might belong to something. Or so it tells us where something might be, how many there's something might be, what something might be or who it may belong to. Okay. Do we remember? Determines. Yeah determine slot. I'm not really sure. I think okay. So right. Let's go in with what is determined as again, just quickly to recap for you. It's let me write it down quickly just here. So this is the topic we did last week, remember? So determinminon. Is a word that comes before. It comes before a nso, for example, sandwich or he she okay, it's a thing swich and. Tell us which one. Many. Or. So remember we had article. Which was a and and the so for example, and apple, we also had a demonstrative so demonstrative. Genercreative it is how near or far something might be. So it's like this awesome. What's? So it can be this. These so for example, this chair. Okay, we then have possessive so it lets you know who it belongs to and that is. You're his love. Our there okay we then have quantitifiers are we're paying attention, Brian. Yeah tell us how many, okay? So how many meaning like sum you almost. Many. So like quantiterfes are like something how many things? Yeah land like determinants are like worlike. How like that those like describing that, like others saying, what is it? Yeah. So a determiner. The the different types of determiners that we can have is an article. We can have demonstrated determiners. We can have possessive determiners. We can have quantifying determiners, and we can have numbering determiners. These are all different types of determiners. And determiners all together is what it means is that something that comes before a noun and it tells us which one, how many or whose something belongs to that noun belongs to. So which one of the noun we're talking about, how many of the nouns or who that noun belongs to. So that bag belongs to me. Okay, that's my bag. This this tree over here grows apples. Some kids enjoyed football, while many enjoyed swimming. Okay. So Brian, could you write down the definition of determiner, please, just to remind ourselves again? Okay. Okay. And then once you've written that down, let me know and we'll go back to the questions. Maybe try, right, one example from each for the determiners so article the demonstrative, these possessive, yours or his quantifiers, some all. Have you written that down? Yeah. Should I go back to the questions now? Do we remember what determiners are. Do we understand what determiners are? Yes. Yeah. Okay, great. So I'm going to go back to the questions. Okay, so question three, write the verb, the write the adverb in each sentence. And we're I think quickly and softly. Yeah, excellent. Good. So that's two out of two. Okay, now we're on to prepositions. So prepositions underline, preposition. Out of the two sentences. The prepositions I think are on the end, of course, excellent, good. And presentation was the directly rect Yeah so we've the direct indirect object is clath and dark object stickers Yeah excellent. And then the next one, sarara sent her a message, sent her friend a message. So the message is the direct object, and her friend is indirect object. Excellent. So a message and indirect object is her brand. Excellent. Good. And that is. And irregular goal is went and choose is choice. And file is A F E L file. Excellent. Good. Well done. Okay, last two questions and then we're done for for the day. Okay, so we're going to do the look at two more questions. So one is gonna to be on adjectives and then one is gonna to be on clauses. Okay, so let me put here actually. No, it's seafood conactual. I went to the shop because I need milk. I think it's simple. Yeah. Well, no, no, it's not simple. I think it's complex. Okay, so you complex of x. Okay. She loves swimming and she goes every week. Compound. Yeah excellent. And that's very simple as. Excellent and adjective, so underline the adjective. Adjective, the two man opened the door. So what's the adjective in this? And the two men opened to adjective is two. Yeah excellent. And. Unbeautiful is the water called beautiful is the adjective. Yeah, excellent. Really well done. Good. Okay, so Brian, now we know the only one that we need to look over again is determiners. Okay, so one more time. Determiner is a word that comes before a noun, a noun being a thing. So like a sandwich, and it can tell us either which one it is, how many there are, or who it belongs to. Okay, and we have five different types of determiner topics, article, demonstrative, possessive quantifiers and numbers. Okay, so remember to keep that in mind. And then for today's homework, Brian, it will be due for next Wednesday. And the one from last week you can do whenever you talk to. Okay. Okay, very well done.