Hello, us. Can you hear me now, sir? Yes. How are you doing today? Yeah, I'm doing quite, quite well. Well, nice. Yeah. Anything good happen this week or happen this week? Have a good week. I took all the entrance ants exams. Oh, howit go. Yeah. I was well prepared. And I think I was ready. Nice. Good job. So you think you're in then? Great. That's great to hear. I hope you I hope you get in and everything goes well. Thank you. So I was asked to prep an exam question. Exam paper. Is this still something you're interested in? Since you've done the entrance exams, you're free to say yes or no. Again, very flexible. No, I'm not very interested though. You're not very interested. No, because as you said, I've already done an entrance exam. So I think I've already done the past papers many times, okay, in that case, let me read the message, because I need to follow orders. So let me read the message, make sure I can do something else. Or if not, then we can just do the last paper for that. Yeah, but I thing is, you know, I really don't want to waste your time. It's something I really didn't appreciate when I was in class. I didn't like it and people wasted my time. Okay, so Yeah I don't know if I have a choice to be honest with you okay. Does I think your father wants to know where you are academically? Yeah. Is that does he know already? Or is he do you think he will mind after you've already passed the entrance exam now that it's done? Or did you think he still wants to get an overview of where you are academically? I'll ask right now. Oh, would you mind doing that? Thatbe, great. Thank you so much. Yeah, it's just that he thinks I won evaluation and that's enough. Just one. Then let's do that and then next next session, we can do something else. Okay. Yeah. Okay. So have you seen this paper before? I don't know. I don't think so. I don't remember which ones I did. All right, then let's let's do this one and let's see how you do try it. So I was told to basically do it in exam, like almost exam conditions, which. Okay, so I guess we can do that and we've got one hour so we can extend the session. But again, I don't want to take up all of your time so let's see how far you can get in one hour and I'm just gonna na be here to kind of check out what you do. You know tell me if you need any help. I'm gonna to try and hint stuff but you don't have to write like you don't have to write full complete things, just make sure that the main points are there. Don't repeat yourself too much and I'm really sorry, I'm really sorry. I'd like to do it to be more interactive but I think I think itbe good too. Okay, okay, well in that case I'll just ask you to just go for it, maybe write the answers. Can you just write on this and then Yeah wow, Yeah, I can, but you have to give me the permission. Yeah, there you go. I've authorized you. So now you should be good to go. So it's a base two system and. Ist ich? Yeah, I think that's it, right? Yeah. Nice. Good stuff. That's good. I think go should I scroll down or Oh Yeah Yeah go for a go scroll down scroll down so I keep scrolling up okay I can copy it there. So if you want to check then no no no, no go right let's go for it and I'll Oh you can copy and now just go for it and after the lesson now I'll go and mark it. I'll complete it in my own time. Yeah. Yeah, just go for it. How do I explain it? The sample rate and sample resolution. Yeah, sample rates. I know it's just kind of spaces if the sounds out and then delete some of that in the middle to reduce the size. But how would I say that? Think of frame. Rate. Like in a video game fps, the sound played per second. What's this page switching? What's is packet switching? Pket switching is. Yeah it's basically a method where you've got a packet like an ip packet. You remember an ip packet. We saw this in class. And I believe here what they're referring to is how that network is, is kind of transferring that packet through the routers. So if you remember this big thing, let me I'm going to tell you what I think it is. And then I'm going to tell you when a search hit up to make sure. But if you remember, I think we saw this concept together. The network looks something like this, right? And then what does it do? Let's say if it's from a to b, what does it do here at router R one, right? What does it do here at router R2? And if you remember, there's something like there's like a table, right? There's like a path, sorry. And there's like a pat, Oh my God, again. Yeah, that's packet switching. I had to make sure about the definition, but Yeah. It's also called packet routing. Can I just explain it to you? Sure. Yeah, go for it. So the package is sent from the from the network of event stand from the router the to the closest server. Yeah. And the server sends it to and the server routes it to the so another server, which has the. Which has a path to the ip or a path to or a route to the ip. And this process repeats until there's a direct path, until it passed ses out. And then here I would add for extra points, I would add stuff about talk about the ip address being the location destination. And here I would say talk. About the route changing. Yeah Yeah. So you're almost there, but Yeah. And second, there, storage. Anything goes. I'm going to wait until the end of the so I think I'm wrong here. You think here? Well, you can we'll visit it at the end of the once you've finished or we'll see maybe ten minutes before the end. We'll stop early to kind of review the questions. Can I explain it to you again? Sure, but you need to write down bullet points as you explain it. If you explain it and you write down the bullet points, that's fine. Or I can write the bullet points as you explain. Oh, because you the wartype no problem. So the sensor sends analog signal to the microprocessor about the hydration of the soil. And if that analog signal is below or above a certain if the signal is below a certain value, then the processor can detect and Triger a refill. Great. I think there's more about that though. It's it's it's close. What you're missing is you've got the right idea. You're right. But to get more points here, you can see it's six whole Marks, six full Marks, going to be more than two sentences. Just to give you an idea, this is two points, what we've got so far. So there's four more points. I'm trying to think of them too this, but try and come up with a few more points that seem obvious but that you might have to just explicit explicitly say for the syllabus. How does a hydration sensor work? So I don't think you're expected to know that, but a hydration sensor the way Yeah so you you could say something like I mean, how it actually works in practice is pretty interesting. It's like a Rob and like it checks the because water has a particular like conduction rate. And so when there's more water, so that's what it uses. But but you don't need to mention that it is looking for things that are more obvious that you've implicitly said with these two points, but that you just need to go into more detail of. You read that again. No, what else there is stuff when you what you're looking for here is basically you're looking for like continually does this. It sets many times for per a second. Exactly. So doing this continually and then automatically refilled is youhave something like needs an actuator to to trigger, needs an actuator to trigger in order to let more water in. Right. And then you're looking also for something like. Here there basically got two points here. If signals blow, verthen the tectrigger or refill, and then you're going to say here, if there is no need, then the actuator, it does not activate. And the last point here, Yeah, sir, it's just obvious point then it's just all of vious points. It says an analog signal. And then here, yousay, something like the analog signal is Decis is decoded into machine code to figure out tes blah, blah, blah, blah. Think about hydration sensor. Does it need to be a hydration sensor? It could also just be like a water level sensor, right? So it could just be hydration sensor, I think makes sense, but maybe there's a list of sensors cie syllabus. You're doing asa level? Yes. Asa level? Yes. And let's see sensor. Temperature, pressure, infrared, sound and actuators. Yeah so you you definitely want to be kind of talking about that as well. Yeah, okay, let's keep going. And I'm going to read more about sensors to know which ones you need to know for sure. Wait, started again. There's a chii think. This here number six Yeah or is it a. Yeah, there's a chip. And I see yes, and I see. But you need to say, spell it out to what does nistand for network oil. Can I just say it a icsee? I think you need to spell it out, sorry. And I see. Sorry, I'm torturing think to no No But you're what is what is the end sound Ford, do you think that's what? Let's brought the eye. Internet close, but what is it doing is what does a card do with the computer? Interacts interacts a synonym of interacts. So interface out. So network. Interface interface ship Yep, and we call it a card. So it's a network interface card. What about the next question? Mac address yes. Could I say here a server for six B1? You say a surrouter there's Yeah router would be more correct. Yeah but there's another one as well. You could also say a switch. The switch would also work. Let me check that I'm not saying bad things. So how do you say that it's like sort of time efficient. That application needs to be like quick. You would say you can just say it's fast. You could even say you can just say fast. Yeah. Like like if a application needs to be fast or like time efficient, maybe you can just say that that's a very valid reason. You can even say memory efficient. Good works so far, by the way. I'm sorry, it's not that interactive, but Yeah. There, is this enough? It's it's like it's definitely it seems like it's it's going to be enough. Yeah this could be enough. But again, if you were to reply with this like on like an actual exam, like because we're just talking together, so it's okay. But on an actual exam, you definitely want to make this four sentences. You want to say something like, so you're right, you would get three Marks here, but you would want to say a program might try all alpha numerical character combinations as possible and they might try a different one every time and see if the password works. And theykeep doing this until they're able to find the correct password and login, right? And they might use a specialized software to do that. So like you're right, and you would get full points, but if you have someone who's in a bad mood, which, because the people that correct you are not necessarily professors, they're just people that are paid like per exam that they correct. So if they see your exam and they're in a bad mood, then and they see two sentences for a three points question, they might not be very nice. So you're right. But always remember for these questions, just put more just put more clear points. And Yeah, this should be good. Yeah but you would get full points here. I mean, everything is correct. What else could be the aim? Dose? Well, if you're doing a birdfirst tato employee, you could end up doing task. Yeah so you could for example, private inflammation or you so like stealing information is very good. Yeah but you could also do something like a shutdown. You could install some malware that's there or you could also do an impersonation attack, a fishing attack, right? So you could impersonate as this employee and try to get access to someone else's stuff. That's something you could do. You could just disrupt systems. That's also quite big. Let's have a look at what the mark scheme says. Rupt the system internally. Yeah disrupt. Disrupt the still you can say delete data would be perfectly good. Or like encrypt data. I don't know if you've seen this ransomware. Have you seen ransomware before? Yeah. Yeah. To well, ask for money and to decrypt the data. Yeah, that's a big one too. That happened to the British government. They know the Irish government. They did that and they made millions at once. We did the ransomware attack because the government paid. In the end, it was credit crazy. They paid because they had to, otherwise they would lose data on like so many patients. It was it was for a health date. Like how did they you well, get back? Good question. I think it was a very vulnerable service. And, well, I mean, this is a, they took advantage and it was a quite possibly, I mean, it's not confirmed, but a state actor, so possibly a country that was carrying out the attack. Countries have more resources, so they probably had more resources to do the attack there. So it's not certain what happened, but what's for sure is that the government was not protecting their data very well and they had to pay the price for that. Yeah. But these are two good points. You get full points there. Now I don't know any types of I don't know the specific types of. So think very, very think very simply here. Think more in terms of like. What malware do you know in general, the viruses? Yeah, that's one Trojan horse that's through the third one. I forgot the name of tracto spread through the Internet. I forgot the name of it. There's a the first one ever created. What was it? I don't know if you know the. No, I and there's the one that we just talked about as well. So then you have three. You said already virus and you said Trojan horse. Those are two valid answers. And you said we were talking about one just before. With the Ireland example. Injection? No, no, that's not. I ransomwear ransomware so that's just another type. Yeah you can just put virus here. That's just another type. The one I was thinking about was the was a worm. But Yeah, that's the one I was Yeah as the first one just couldn't remember the name. No problem. That's the first mile we're ever created was a self replicating worm was a script. Yeah, Yeah, Yeah that was the first thing. So if you just put the virus, worm or ransomware here, you would have gotten full points. Isn't it spled like that? Yep. Wait, ransom. Yep. Yep. Is Trojans felt correctly? Word Projan? Yeah, that's correct. Although you'll never be penalized for misspelling. But Trojan here is correct. Yeah unless it's completely unreadable. But ransomware, virus, Trojan horse, these are all correct here. The spelling. Did I just say ask cii characters, please? But for this, that's so assky is usually spells like this assky. But for this one, this one's a bit more tricky. They wouldn't accept a longer password even though they don't experimental password mixed with a longer password mixed with different letters and symbols. Yeah. So that would almost get you the points. But what they're looking for, like when they have a word in bold like this, they want you to put strong, stronger slash complex password instead of alphanumeric or assky, which I think is correct. But you because of the mark scheme, you wouldn't get the point here. Another thing you could have put is, for example, biometrics. Biometrics. Write this like fingerprints or you could have put as well a two step verification, choose step. Verification. Yeah but this this one's correct here. This second one, unfortunately you wouldn't get the point even though you you would you would be right. I'm not gonna to give it to you for this exam, not because you don't deserve it because you've had a lot of good points already. So I'll have to be a bit stricter with with the points. Let's go to the next question. Question nine. Let's do this one and maybe so I'm skipping ahead. Let's try and do nine and ten if we can, but I don't want to rush you, so do it in your own pace. And whenever we hit around 452, 453, I'll go ahead and I'll mark everything. And that way we can see what you got. If that works with you, of course. It does a job repetitively. Would that be a valid characteristic? Unfortunately ately not youhave to think think more basically like the definition of a robot, right? When you think of a robot, like what do you think of? I know it's it's abstract, but like Yeah. Automated automated almost this one is hard because it's not that hard, but it's just like you need to know the keywords. I'm just gonna you can skip this question for now and you can come back to it later if you want. Yeah. So what is farming again? Farming farming is is a bit different to to fishing. It's using emails. So it uses emails to spread a more than that. It's it's like it's more than just emails. It's like to get the personal details of someone right. So like you don't just want like like a fishing scam is more like like by phone number and you just want them to click on a link. Farming is more like, Oh, you wanna know their name, where they lived, things like this. It's like a more sophisticated you know like it's like tailored almost to someone's to someone like for like for example, if I wanted to find out where the CEO of apple lives, I might send them an email like, Hey, you know try to look more professional to try and trick them. How would they try and annotate? Draw an annoties diagram to represent Yeah, that's. Well, okay, have you, have you seen farming before in class? No. Okay, let's skip this question. Let's give p this question. That's just now. We'll do farming next, next class. Okay, that way it's done great. All right, so let's let's grade this, because the rest, I'm sure you can do storcookies, but farming, we haven't done it. So itbe unfair to greyou here. All right, sorry, might go back to the start here. You are correct. So that's 1.1 then here I've got the mark scheme right here but I think I remember that you're correct. So yes this is correct. This one is also correct. And this 11 zero. Yep. So you get three here. Here you were very yes here you were very close. Unfortunately that wasn't the answer. It was 111 instead of 100 and okay and then here I think that derailed you for the rest where you have one, zero, zero, one, zero. Yeah this is a zero. So I think you put a one here instead of the one here and that derailed you for the rest unfortunately, but you were very, very close. So unfortunately here I can only give you one point because you got this first bright. So you get one point here. Here, one zero, zero, one. Yeah zero, zero, one. Here you get three points. A good job the register is not large enough to get the Carry bits. Yes, but you should also have more stuff here. So here you get one point. But here you also have to say that the calculation. Calculation was greater than 255 so register too small. So you were almost there. But so that's why I'm saying you got to elaborate a little bit more. But you know as you only lost one point amount of sound plate per second, yes, that's but here I would have said recorded amount sounds reporded per second, but I'm going to give it to you anyway. And then this is the quality that's but here I would also add something like number. Number of bits per sample. So here I'm going to give you the point, but an actual marker, you know, you want to say number of bits per sample, and here you want to say number of bits reporded per second. And then this is loss sucompression. You get one scits ip address and acknowledgements. Are you sure about this? Is that ip? Is that tcp? Okay close close. So here only one point. Unfortunately if you're not sure you can put you can put ip address of the destination destination and of the and sender yes, exactly. Sender sender here right. This will give you four points but unfortunately I'll just give you one for ip address you can also put packet number. Packet number. So here you got this right. So package sent from router to close to server different routes is going to choose repeat until the packet has been found. Yeah, this is this is a good five points. One thing you want to add here is packets. May out of order and here youwant to say piccal. Picks shortest path. Here. Great. So here man, you were so close. Ram is unfortunately not a secondary storage, it's primary storage. The correct answer was compact disk here, but hard disk drive and salt stidrive were both correct. So I'm gonna to give you two points. And then here I had to watch you move it from here to there and it made me very sad. Unfortunately, it's is volatile hood, exactly, exactly. Primary storage is volatile. Why? Because when the computer switched off, the data is deleted. Think about the ram. Remember the ram need, you need it to be loaded up. So unfortunately, no points here. Here you put application, this is correct, system operating application way one. System application operating hardware system application operating hardware I didn't watch you when you were making this one, okay? This one, unfortunately, a bit less, went a bit less well. So here, system software. Application. Okay. I don't think we study this, did we? No operating software is correct and this is hardware. Okay, so we'll mark this one with only one point, but this is because we didn't do it. So don't be too harsh on yourself here. Next time I'll note this actually next time. App hardware Yeah. Okay, so this is the only one where you've had problems so far. Hydration sensor. Hydration sensors don't exist unfortunately in this in the cie textbook because in reality, I know they exist. I've used one before, but what they were looking for was a moisture moisture the same thing. Yeah, Yeah. But this is this is the unfortunately this is cie we're talking about. So I've actually got a list here for you. These are all the different kinds of sensors. Let me just Yeah, there you go. Let's see. These are all the different kinds of sensors. Acoustic, you know, that is exelerflow gas, midinfrainfralevel light. You could have used a level sensor that would have worked as well. But don't be too hard on yourself. You had it right because that moisture or another one was pressure. You can use pressure, right? Because you can put a pressure sensor at the bottom of the tank and you can measure the pressure of the tank. So Yeah, that's that's by hydration. You meant moisture. I know this, but someone who's correcting your exam on the exam syllabus, it's written level pressure and moisture and nothing else. So you wouldn't get the mark. And so I have to grade you in the same way. But remember that that these are the different ones. Maybe just make some flashcards, just memorize them. I know it sucks, but sometimes just have to memorize stuff. It's just memorization. Okay, so the analog sensor, so yes, sends analog sensor, very good microprocessor compares data to stored values here. So you do want to do that compared. To values stored. So that's the lingo you want to use. If it's the actuator, that's a whole point, whole process is done until repeating. So this is what we're doing continually. This is done forever. And what you do want na send as well is you want microprocessor registravalues. And Yeah, that's that's so here you get six points, but we were doing this one a bit together. But these are the six points you want the analog sensor to send data and for it to be decoded, that's important to basically decode it to machine code to figure out what the data is. Digitize is the keyword compared to the stored values. If the value is outside the range, refill the water bowl, then the actuator is used to refill, and the whole process is repeated. Okay, and ic is correct. My bad. I said network interface card, you can write nithat's. Oh, my God, that's completely correct. So let's give you four point there. Mac is correct, router is correct, an ip address. Second dwe load aded when it enters the lan. Yes, that's full points. Although again, I would write more here. A language is full control of the hardware with the sorry, a language that is full control of the hardware that can be equided with the assembler. Yes, that's four points. The application might need to be even very efficient, absolutely. And interact with other hardware. We would use specialized hardware, specialized, but this is two points. A program I enter, this is three points. But again, you need to elaborate. But this is three points. This is correct. This is correct. This is two. Sorry, this is one point. But that's because of the unfortunate wording. And then here we said we would skip this one. So it's not market more efficient and consistent quality. Yes, it is more efficient and it does also have consistent quality. You need to phrase it differently though, so I'm going to mark this correctly because it is correct. But by more efficient, you need to say that employees don't need to perform repetitive and mundane tasks, which is consistent quality. And the first one as well is employees can't utilize their skills and other tasks. So more efficient, right? But but again, Yeah, it's better to be more specific, give one disadvantage is a high startup costs exactly so high startup costs is absolutely but they need to say high purchase or buying the machinery exactly you blah blah blah just add some blah blah and then that should be fine and we did not answer the last one so let's calculate firstly the score. They told me to do this with you on the line. So just gonna but firstly congratulations. Good exam and you did this in one hour. Normally you have one hour 45 minutes, so I think you can be quite proud of yourself plus three plus. So unfortunately here you only got one plus three, plus one, two, plus one, plus one, plus five, plus two here, plus one. But we'll study this, this one here, plus six, plus one, plus one, plus one, plus three, plus two. Plus 23 plus two plus three plus one. Plus two, plus one and that's it. So you got total 49 but we didn't do any of question ten. So let's remove how many Marks total is. This paper should tell us 75. Don't think it's 75. Yeah, 75. So minus seven. This is seven, seven, nine, nine minus plus four, 13, 13, 15. So already we're at 60 but we didn't do this one here either. Nine a. So we're at 58. So you've got a 49 out of 58, I think. Am I missing anything here? I think that's it. 49 out of 58 is a very good 84%, which is an a so good job. Thank you, sir. Yeah I don't want to go too much over time, but great work again. Henry. I'm sorry this was a bit less less involved as usual. I'm gonna create I'm gonna create a report for your father and for for the the the company that way they they know they know everything and 84% now remember you only did this in half the time, right? Instead of one hour 45, you have one hour 45 complete this exam. And we didn't do, we didn't really do question ten. Had you had question ten, you might have gone over 84% if you had done the content there. Right now, the only thing to revise really is make sure you don't do any bit errors. So write down your work and also this application stuff. Apart from that, you only made a few small mistakes here and there and just make sure you elaborate on those questions. Don't just write a simple thing. I know it's a practice exam so it's I gets boring after a while, but very good job, honestly. Thank you, sir. Have a nice Yeah you too have a good week. All right. Bye, bye, bye.