I am fine. How about what have you done today? I went to school. What did you do at school? What subjects did you have? Chinese man English. History, global. And what was your favorite subject and why? What did you do? How come? What did you do? We played badminton. Is badminton your favorite sport? Yes, Yeah, I'm not very good at badminton, but I always love seeing the matches anyway. So I'm glad you had a your day school ore Isabella. So for this lesson, so before we go into this lesson, what do you remember what we talked about last lesson? I forgot. So we talked about the big ideas. Do you remember that? Oh, yes, yes. So we talked about what it means to look beyond just the the motion or the statement itself and understand what the big ideas are, understand the context or the larger implications of emotion. So for example, we talked a bit about freedom. So for example, a emotion might be that there should be limited regulation of the state, limited regulation by the state over people. So the government should have less of a role in regulating its citizens. So that might be in motion. And you might think that that's, you know, so there are you should understand there are benefits to that. So there are benefits to people having more freedom, feeling like they can do more on their own. It might become less frustrated. They might become happier because they have more freedom. However, it's also important to look at the implications. So the implications is what is under the surface, what might happen or what it might tell us, which is that there could be more illegal activities if there's less regulation. There could be, for example, we talked about speeding. There could be people not if there's no speed limits or if there's speed limits that aren't imposed as harshly. So if speed limits aren't taken seriously, that means that there's a risk of people getting run over, especially in school areas that kids get run over. So it's important to think about the big ideas of emotions. That's what we talked about. Last lesson, this lesson, we're going to talk about teamwork. So Isabella, what is teamwork? A group of people working together. Exactly right. Exactly right, Isabella. So it's about working as a team, so working with other people and working together to get to get a task or a goal done. And it's about the different roles that different speakers have from the debate. So to work and apply to a debate because you are working as a team. We've talked a bit about this, but we're just going to talk a bit about this more to in depth. So what is teamwork and what is your best experience working in a team? So you answer what teamwork is. Very well done. So these are the principles of teamwork. So could you read these two for me? Work is about hurting the interest of the team above your own. Get to know your team members and any. You and your members strange strengstrengths. And weakness and how to balance them. Well done, Isabella. So for the first one, putting in your interests of the team above your own, what this means is that you prioritize your team. It means you value your team more than yourself, that you want to make sure that everyone's happy, everyone has what they want, and trying to make sure that the group gets along together. Next is get to know your team members and knowing their strengths and weaknesses and how to balance them. So for example, in a debate, if a person is really nervous, right, maybe they're the most nervous or the person has the most anxiety, you most likely would not put them first because the first speaker would probably have the most anxious job, because they're the one going first in the entire debate. So you might put the anxious person with another person, or at the end of the debate, or another example is maybe a person's really good at coming up with rebuttals. I think they're really good with thinking on the spot to come up with rebuttals to go against the other team. You wouldn't put them as a first speaker because the first speaker doesn't have any rebuttals. You most likely would put them as the second or the third speaker. Does that make sense? Yeah. So just like again, to know what your team is good at and what they're not good at and using that at to help make your team better. And also, could you read this for me? In discussion, make sure you all have more or less equal speaking time. Don't be too domating. Dominating in discussion, but don't be too quiet either. So domminating means that you sort of. You try to make yourself heard the most, right? You you are in control of the conversation. You speak the most. You're kind of the leader or in control, right? But in a debate, there could be a leader, but you have to make sure everyone has a turn to say what they want. So when you're coming up with a debate, it's important that everyone gets to share their ideas. It's important that everyone's speech is roughly around the same length. That way one person isn't kind of in control of the others. Does that make sense? Okay. Could you read these three for me? Listen and divide up the points between you and your team. Make sure not to repeat your per partner's point, or contradict it's, or worse, contradict voice, contradict them. Encourage each other. When your team doing well, look interest, if you take it, the struggling give some support, it may subbliminally aniel influthe. Judge always congratulate. Yeah, congratulate. Always congratulate your partner after a speech. However, it has gone so four. So listen up and divide your points between you and your team. Make sure not to repeat your partner's points or contradict them. So repeat means that you just say you'll point the same points again. And contradict means you go against each other's points. So this is why it's so important, the planning part of a debate, because that's where you determine what points you're doing and organizing it. So that's why it's important that because you have three around three different people, it's important that you're not all saying the same thing. It's also important that, for example, you don't say things that oppose each other, that are different from each other, because that's the role of the other team. You don't want to be doing that because that makes your point seem not accurate or not reliable. Also make sure to encourage each other. So it's always important to even an, if you think that you're failing to always look interested, always give each other support. Because, for example, if someone's speaking, if another person in your team is speaking, nodding at them might subliantly influence a job. Subliantly means that it, it's secretly that that's the best one I can think of for now. So it's literally me, like secretly or quietly influence the judge, then not aware of it. So subliminantly means that it influences or it does something in a way that that doesn't make people aware of it. Does that make sense? Yeah. So the judges might think that you're a stronger team with stronger arguments because you're all agreeing and supporting each other. And lastly, always congratulate your partner after a speech. However, it's gone. So always make sure that you always say well done to your team, even if you fail, even if you win especially, but even if you do fail, make sure to stay well done and congratulate each other to make sure that everyone still has that team spirit. So. In the most common style of debate, both teams have two to three members each. Speakers are usually identified by their speaker number and their team side. So for example, this would be the proposer and their opposer. So this would be the agree team. And the negative team and the way that itwork is, again, we've gone through this before, but just to repeat, the affirmative team or the agree team would go first. So first speaker of the affirmative team, then first speaker of negative, then second speaker of affirmative team, then second speaker of negative team, and then finally third and final speaker of affirmative and third and final speaker of negative. So the agree team always goes first, and speakers are usually identified by their numbers. So they typically have numbers one, two, three. So could you read this for me? First thing you have to do as first proposproposition. Opposition is to find the motion. The first member opens the debate. You have to set up not just your own argument, but your whole size argument. Make it brief but clear. Yeah. So the first, the main role of the and first speaker of the affirmative team is to define the motion. So what are the terms of emotion? So what does the motion mean? So for example, cigarettes, cigarettes are banned. What are cigarettes and what would banning it mean? Another example could be, let's think. Cshould be banned in the city centre, right? What would be defined as the city centre, for example. So you open your debate, but you have to set out not just your own argument, but your whole size argument. So it's kind of written an introduction to the entire teams argument. And you have to make sure it's not too long. So you don't waste too much time defining it, but make sure it's clear to not to not really just a judge with the audience. So. An example structure for defying the motion is I'll be arguing that abc, so blank my partner a will be arguing that cde my partner b or presenting fgh H, so no more than three points for speech. So it's important to make sure that everyone has at most three points, otherwise it's too much. And this signposting saying, I'll be arguing this, my partner will be arguing this, and my other partner will be arguing this. This helps. Sorry, my headphones fell out. This helps the audience, so mainly the judges to follow your case. Easy to follow your argument easily. So. Could you read this for me? Earth affirmative has the following a formulintroduction the definition and and any other definition clfithe affirmative teams. Opinions, the argument, a summary of of argument, a conclusion. Yeah. So this is kind of like the checklist of for first speakers in the affirmative team to follow. So again, affirmative or the proposition team are the same thing. The reason why it's called the proposition is because they propose the motion. So because they agree with the motion, they can propose it. To propose it means to argue for it or to try and make it happen. Whereas the reason why the negative team is called the opposition is because it opposes emotion that makes sense. Yeah, okay. So these are the checklist of things for first affirmative, for the first speaker in the firmative team to argue. So a formal introduction, the definition, sort definfinding, the motion, any other clarifications in words, their opinions, the arguments, a summary of the arguments, and then a conclusion. So what would you think Isabella is the advantage of speaking first? What is so another word for advantage would be benefit. So let me write that down. Benefit. And so advantage means benefit or row, disadvantage would mean consequence or con. So what would be the advantage or the benefit of speaking first? 嗯，被看了。Good thank. Don't have an one. They finish very speaking. They don't have. They will not feel nervous. Yeah. So you could say mentally as a first speaker, you sort of get out of the way, right? Yeah. Right? So what this means, so it was what is one of the other benefits in terms of your role is that you have the exact same time as others, but you don't have to do any rebuttals. So me personally, I find rebuttals quite stressful because my speech, my arguments are based on the other team. So it's a lot of it's on the spot thinking, right? So it's you can make advantage of this so you can make the best of it by making your arguments as thorough as possible. So you could say an advantage of speaking first is you don't have to do a rebottle. So the first negative has the following duties. So a brief introduction, rebuttal, negative teams, opinions, arguments, summary of arguments and conclusion. So you're stating rebuttal to the first speaker and then having you're saying your team's opinion. So remember, you must accept the definition offered by the first proposition, right? So even if your definition is different, the difficult part of going as the first negative is that you have to accept the definition offered by the first proposition. So you must need so you might need to adapt your speech and think first. If it's different from what you prepared for, which is quite nerve wracking, it's a difficult thing to do. Then the second speaker of both sides has the following duties, so similar to the other one, brief introduction, rebuttal, a brief link to the team's opinions. The reason why they're not doing a full summary of the opinions or a full statement on the opinions is because the first speakers have already done that, the arguments, summary of arguments and conclusion. And the second speakers of both teams have the same speaker. Rothere is no difference between them. They both listen, they both rebutand. They present their own arguments. Finally, the third week is so the main thing to remember about this role is that you must not introduce any new material. So it's often a rule in in literature, so for example, in English writing, it's often a rule that in the conclusion, you don't you don't. The only thing you do is you summariise, or maybe you make a one link, but you don't introduce any new material. So for example, you don't introduce any evidence, any new evidence, sorry, and it's because it is unfair to the other side as they don't have any opportunity to rebutit. So what you're doing is you're summarizing instead of doing doing what the first and second speaker did. It's quite different where you summariise the case made by both your side and the opposition showing where you clash, show where you disagree where you're and showing why your side has won that clash, why your argument is better. So an example structure would be the proposition of argued that however, we say that we have argued opposition claim that however, this is not the case because so a lot of the time you're using words like however or but to try and go against what the other team is saying. And it's important to when you're comparing each other's points, spend slightly longer in your case. So you might say one sentence saying what the other team has said, but it's important that your explanation of what your team's case is, what you're arguing, is longer than when you explain the other teams. So what do you think is why do you think third speakers are so important? They need to think by themselves writing. Notes before the they could write notes before the debate because they know what their teams are going to say. They might not know what the other teams going to say. So you're right about that, that they might not know what the other teams are going to say, but they can have notes. What do you think of a different reason about going last? I. Need to think about what the another team gonna say Yeah could that could be a negative that it's why it's so difficult but the reason why it's so important is because often so do you normally read books? Or do you wait? Or when you watch movies or tv shows, right? Oftentimes it's the ending of that movie or tv show that makes you have an overall impression of the movie. So for example, it could be a really good movie, but it could have a really terrible ending, and that might ruin your entire opinion of the movie. So I know a lot of movies or tv shows where I've absolutely hated the ending. And for that reason, it's no longer one of my favorite tv shows because I hated the ending or I was disappointed with the ending. The same thing applies for a debate. Even if you have the best first two speakers, if the third speaker doesn't provide a good summary, doesn't provide a good reason to say why they're why their arguments are better, why their arguments are are saying the summary of their argument, saying why it's better, why people should vote for them if they don't do their job well, this might leave an overall bad impression of their team. And that's why it's so important that the third speaker is good. Does that make sense? Yes. Yeah. Okay. So some key qualities to be successful in this role include being a good listener, being a quick thinker, being efficient at taking notes, and being good at identifying the points of clash and focusing rigorously on them in your summary. So excellent listener. It means that you listen to what other people are saying, you understand what they're saying, and you remember it. You're not just zing off like this. And when you're or you debate, you're not looking off into the distance or you're not sleeping because that's unprofessional, right? You're listening to what they're saying. You're also a quick thinker. So if, for example, when it's your turn, you just start saying, that's not being a quick finger, right? That's quite that that's not a good place to start. So it's important to as they're speaking, you take down, you become good at taking notes. So good note taking skills. So you become a quick thinker and you can say your argument with efficiency. And it's also good at identifying where you defer from the other team, what's different about each other's arguments and why that difference makes your team better. I'm going to show you an example of good note taking techniques, because over the past years there have been some different types of ways in which you can take notes that might make it better or easier for you to keep up with what people are saying. So they find that. Good to hire. Sorry, that's another ad. Indeed you do. Indeed, instant match instantly delivers quality. Hello everyone, strucsam here. And today we will focus on the art of note taking. Many debaters consider note taking an essential skill in debate, and I absolutely agree. By effectively recording arguments, we are also improving our ability to construct, rebut, and rebuild points clearly and consistently. Let's explore the importance of proper note taking. The main purpose of taking notes in a debate is to capture as much of the information as possible in a short amount of time. To save time, many debaters avoid writing their notes word for word. That's because word for word note taking is difficult and time consuming. It can even distract us from actively listening to the crucial elements of someone's speech. Instead, debaters will often use abbreviations, symbols and numbers to represent the major points of someone's speech. For example, if our opponent begins their speech by saying, our first claim as the pro team in today's debate is that mobile phones can lead to distracted behavior, you could represent this part of the speech in your notes by simply writing. In this example, c one stands for the first claim made by her opponents. By using only a few characters, you have summarized roughly 20 words of your opponent's speech in a debate. Every second counts. Let's look at more examples that are Carin a debate. The word increase can be easily represented as an up arrow. If we wrote this, it means that mobile phones increase levels of distraction. On the other hand, the word decrease could be represented as a down arrow. By writing, it would mean that mobile phones decrease a student's ability to learn effectively. A right arrow could represent the phrase lead to. So by writing, we are noting the argument that mobile phones can lead to sore eyes. We could even take our note taking to the next level by creating abbreviations for words commonly used in our topic. For example, mp could be used to represent the phze mobile phones. If our opponents first claim that mobile phones lead to sore eyes, we can represent their argument by writing. Keep in mind that different topics use different abbreviations. If our topic changed to single sex schools, we could use the letters ssto represent the phrase single sex schools. On the topic of banning homework, we might use the letters hw to represent the word homework and a capitalized b to represent the word. Then even simple abbreviations like this can save us valuable time when taking notes. Last but not least, try developing a system for highlighting important arguments. Personally, I like to circle the most important arguments in a debate. Sometimes I even place a giant question mark next to arguments I would like to ask my opponents about during the question and answer period. In every debate, you should actively take notes on every speech. Try your best to write down the main arguments and responses made by each team. By practicing note taking, you are developing your ability to structure your speeches and arguments in a persuasive, responsive and organized way. Good luck. So what did you learn from that video? You can make. And the words to a letter. So that's again is using abbreviations. Yes, you could also, so they talked about using abbreviations, which helps you save time, right? You can also use arrows or so certain symbols like arrows or maybe something else they didn't say that you might do is if you want to talk about different emotions, you could draw, like instead of writing happy, you could do a smiley face or stad, do a frowny face. So with finding all these different ways to save time when making notes, so instead of writing word per word, you just write as simply as possible. So does that make sense? Yeah. Okay. So before we move on to the next one, I wanted to show you again an example of a debate structure just to Recab. I know we talked about this before, but I think it's important to see it so you can visualizing it, so you can so you can visualize it. Sorry. Okay, so here we go. Debate is not something that you find in your everyday curriculum. I would like to start off by refuting some of my opponent's points. You're not going to be doing debate every day in history class. That's unusual. And because it's something out of the ordinary, I really enjoy it. We research by at the same time we have fun, and then we talk about a lot of things and also makes you more knowledgeable about a certain topic that's actually happening in real life. Last year, at the end of the year, in my social studies class, we had a mini debate, and I really liked it because I guess I like arguing with people. However, the other team lacked decseat. The number of people that died from second dhand smoke, how many died? 100? A thousand ten? Zero, a million? We don't know. And I enjoy having like intelligent debates with people and understanding different points of views on different topics. So as long as you say everything at least once, we're good. Nicotine addictiveness. How many people smoke out of 7 billion people? One thing I always keep in mind when I'm debating or when I'm writing the contentions is wider wrong in how I can refute it. I mean, you have to put together and argue it, but you don't know how the other team is going to refute those arguments. So you be ready to come up with arguments to refute the other genarguments. There are several things that have to make a team look. First off, it's teamwork. Second off, it's how good the speaker can speak. Are they eloquent? Can they articulate well? The third aspect is, how good are they on thinking on their feet? And this is, from my perspective, the most important thing. You have to find information for both the prop and the opbecause. You don't know if you're going to be on the prop side or the opposition side because you find out on the day. So you have to be prepared for both judges. They have to sit through like four debates a day. So you also want to make sure that they're entertained during the debate. They only brought up 38 cases of the millions of refugees coming from Syria. You could say that about anything. How many people die from getting in the head with coconuts? So past topic was to ban all travel to West Africa because of Ebola. Now saying that more people have been married to Kim Kardashian than Americans have died of Ebola. And that just cracked the judge up and made everyone in the room laugh. Basically all you do is improve, and if the only thing you focus on is winning, you don't really learn much. And it's not really a learning experience. Even if I actually lose, I would. If I learn something, it's still a very successful day, just not as successful as winning. But overall, I just want to win. Cigarettes are claimto relieve stress, but the cigarettes just make smokers more aware of their stress, and they even cause more stress, causing the smokers to smoke more, thinking that it's moving their stress. When they said two thirds of Americans voted to keep the penny, I don't remember ever taking the survey. I don't think anyone in this room remembers taking the survey. And they said, like 600, zero people are losing jobs. However, yges, let me remind you of the 6 million people that are dying. I got more this fifth place, but I got more points than got this trophy. Oh, but I got more points than him. Okay, that's cool. But I'm cool. Everyone, everyone, everyone out there really cares about the placing. So but Yeah last year I got two medals I think. Okay. So. What did you learn from that video? Developwas it helpful in terms of seeing what a debate looks like? A little helpful. What did you learn from it? I learned. They. Can debate when they very small Yeah and they're quite five sty even being so small, aren't they? I think they're in seventh grade, which is quite, if I remember correctly, quite tiny. But it's interesting seeing how you know the different topics that people tend to ate about and people's perspectives and why. So they told the main thing I got from that was why of how they find debating helpful, of why debating from a Young age can be helpful. So they stay talked about how it's not just fun, it's a learning experience. So even if they don't win, they still learn from it, which is the main thing that is important in a debate, especially as a kid, which is to learn from it. So this lesson we're going to talk, our debating motion is that pen and paper should be outlawed or banned and replaced with digital projects. So so essentially, what it's saying is that we should no longer use pen and paper, but instead only use technology or digital things. So immediately, what do you do you agree with this or disagree with this? Is using technology things was not let the climate be bad. It's a lot more I think it's a lot more environmentally friendly than paper. So it's using laptops, iPads, phones, computers, things like that as opposed to using pen and paper. I agree, you agree, how come? Because you think en making a paper, making many papers. Cut down a tree, it's very bad. And Yeah, also, I don't know. How to make a pen? What is pen made of? I think it's made from wood maybe, which you could also say it's cutting down trees and not too sure exactly, but you have you make a very good point about it being not as environmentally friendly to produce so much paper. That's a good point there, Isabella. So what we're going to do is what we're going to do is we're going to do the brainstorming activity again. So come up with the columns here. So band en pen and paper. No burn pen, so if you ban it, you only use digital technology. It rose, Hans. Okay. So I'm going to give you a round. Ten minutes, ten minutes to come up with points for this. Is that okay? So can you come up with at least two points per pro and con? So two points of pro, two points of con, two points of pro, two points of con, at least if you can. If not, no worries. Is that okay? Okay. And if you need it, if you have any questions, just. If the world don't have trees, what? So the reason why trees are so important is so mainly two things. One, and if there's normal more trees, that means that a lot of animals will die because theyhave lost their homes. Have the main thing that affects us is that trees help us breathe, because the way that it works is we have to to live. We need oxygen, right? So we inhale oxygen and we exhale carbon dioxide, whereas trees are the opposite. Trees take in carbon dioxide and they produce oxygen. So carbon, too much carbon dioxide is bad because it can pollute the atmosphere. So the reason why trees are so helpful is because they take in that nasty carbon dioxide. If there's too much of it, it's bad. They take in it, so there's not as much in the atmosphere. And instead they produce oxygen, which we take in because it helps us breathe. So if there are no more trees, not only does carbon dioxide build up, which is bad because it's a type of pollution, but also there's no more oxygen left for us to or there's a limited oxygen for us to breathe. Does that make sense? Yeah, okay. How are we doing as villa? I didn't finish the snow. No, no worries. Do you want to just just show me what you have done, and then we can fill in the gaps? 嗯，没听懂吗？Let the climate. So for pros, making them will make. The environment was. Many birds or. Animals worllost their house. Using paper and pis very helpful to your schoworks. If we use, if we use the ice when it's nobody, butwe can't see our notes. That's a very good point, Isabella. If the device runs out of battery, we can see our notes. Well done. Devtyping can be more fast. Paper. Lost easily. So devtyping can be faster, paper might be lost more easily. We will have more fresh air because. Making. Papers and pen need to cut down many trees. So world and Isabella, thank you for all these points, other things for prose for no bupaper. So what is the benefits of not banning them? We could say that. There are some studies that show that some people wait, that show that some people work better and can remember. More answers if they write it down. So some people essentially work better with paper. You could also say a big pro of knobanpen and paper. Not everyone can afford digital technology. Paper and pens are cheap. So these are some examples of pros and cons for both. I'm very impressed. Isabella, very well damned. So pros for banning pen and paper, if you bpen and paper, it's good because it stops the environment from making it from becoming worse. Any birds or animals will lose their home, so you're saving them. Cons of banning pen and paper is that using pen and paper can be very helpful for schoolwork. If the device runout of battery, we cannot see notes. I'm very impressed with this answer as abelthis is very well thought out. Pros of not bedding pen and paper some studies show that some people work better with paper, and not everyone can afford digital technology, and cons are not banning pen and paper. So what is bad about not banning pen and paper? Device typing can be faster. Paper might be lost more easily. So it's easy to lose it and we will not have as much oxygen because making paper cut ts and trees. So very well done, Isabella. So thank you for today's lesson. You are very, very productive today and I'm really impressed with the amount of points that you came up with and your pronunciation has dramatically improved. So very well done. You should be very, very proud of yourself. The motion for next lesson is that everyone deserves the same education, so I will leave you with that motion, and I will see you for our next lesson. Me see, bye.