And just give her one minute or two to arrive. Hi eson. Hello teacher. 买贵。吗？We're still waiting for. Andy, are you there? Because I can see your camera, but I can't see you. I'm was just eating dinner. Oh, lovely. What were you having? And one more thing, what's the picture of a seahorse? Well, it's a picture of a sea horse because it's to do with what we're going to be learning today while looking at today. Lives in deeper. I mean, it doesn't live so close to the surface well, I think it's just how the picture has being put together, isn't it? Well, I guess nobody will get the band. I mean, it's when you dive to you, the band, I air bubbles in your. Bloostream. Okay, I'll give Derek 10s. How many how many student in this class I think is we're just waiting for Derek. I think. Yeah. There's the water cycle in the layers of the dive into the deep. Okay what got a seahorse part of I mean there's like Cudia what's part of they are we're going be we're going to be learning about this today aren't we focusing on this today so we'll see how we get on you okay Ethan no I just how many students in this class well I think it says that Sherie and Derek should be here but Shree wasn't here last lesson but Derek was so we might just be waiting for Derek I'm not sure we're just gonna to get started now rather than waiting for them okay maybe theyturn up can we just remember everyone if you want to speak or answer a question can we put our hand up please rather than just shouting out otherwise everybody will be shouting out over the top of each other yes Andy. What flaare jellyfish part of I mean, there's like which part of this, Andy, we need to start focusing on this lesson rather than other topics. Okay. Okay, so this lesson, so last week we were looking at a humanities topic, learning about fossils, say, is a science lesson on the layers of the ocean called dive into the deep. So starting with the blue hplanet. We obviously refer to earth as a blue planet because if you were to see it very, very far away in space, it looks blue. From far away, it looks like a sort of blue light, I guess, right? Yeah. The reason why it's blue is because you know even though we call it earth, which is like land, 70% of the of our planet is covered by water. So it's mostly water. And there are five oceans that cover the earth. Do we know the names of all five of them? Hands up. Anybody? Yes, like the ride. Button to find out eethan, can you just remember for me when you're reading out loud, everybody else can hear you? Yeah. So if you want to read the things on the board out loud, that's fine, but maybe could you mute yourself for me just so that everybody else doesn't have to listen? Okay, Andy, as one of the oceans. Yes, sorry, Andy, I didn't quite hear you because of e's background noise. Could you say that again for me? The two oceans that I know about are the Atlantic and the Arctic. Good. Yeah, Atlantic and the Arctic. Do you know whereabouts they are on this picture? The Arctic somewhere around the top the top of the picture and the Atlantic is part above the the Arctic may best be about here. This the Arctic and the Atlantic would be around back here. Yeah, perfect. Nice. So then we just have one, two, three. Why has it got four on here? That would be six. Doesn't make much sense. So we have let's click on this one. Oh, and now that's not working. Okay, there we go. So we have the Arctic Ocean, which is at the top like Andy said, and the Atlantic Ocean is the middle kind of between America and Europe like you said as well. Then we have, that's why they're confusing me because they're showing the Pacific Ocean twice because obviously imagine if it was curved, these these edges would be touching each other. Yeah so there the Pacific. Then we have the Indian Ocean down here and also the Southern Ocean. Okay, so the ocean actually covers 362 million km squared of the earth's surface. So more than twice as much ocean as there is land, which to me is a bit scary. It kind of freaks me out a bit thinking about there's that much water on this earth, and most of it we don't even, we haven't even discovered. You know, imagine what things are in the ocean that we have never even seen. It's quite scary to think about. I think it's scarier thinking about the deep ocean than it is about space sometimes. Yes and dy, yes. And the oceans are growing because of global warming. It's warming the Arctic. If the optic water was all unfrozen, we would be flooded of Africa. Exactly. That's quite scary to think about, isn't it? Okay. So sunlight has a very big impact on the oceans. So it shines on the oceans just like it shines on the land. But obviously the light can't reach down to the deepest layers of the ocean. So it's kind of trying to show you that here, these deeper layers of ocean. The ocean is deeper in some places than it is in others, and we call these the different depths layers. Oh, here's Derek by Derek. Hello, miss. Hi Derek. Can you turn your camera on for me? Oh, esa, now your camera's off, can turn it on. Please, directly, please turn your camera on. Thank you. There we go. Nice to see you. So Derek, we are just today focusing on the layers of the ocean. So we've talked about how most of our planet is water, is ocean. We have five different oceans, the Arctic, Pacific, Atlantic, Indian and southern. And more than twice of the earth is ocean. And there is land 362 million km squared. We've also spoke about how sunlight shines on the ocean like it doesn't Unland, but the sunlight can't reach the deepest layers of the ocean. And then we've got this bit. So because the ocean is deeper in some places than it is in others, Derek, your camera is off again. Thank you, Ethan. Is there supposed to be somebody with you? Okay, I think you're getting a little bit distracted though by him. Do you think maybe you could go and sit somewhere where you're on your own? Or can you tell your brother to just leave you alone because there's only you in this lesson, isn't there? Not you and your brother. Okay, okay. I'm going to have to send the message otherwise because it's distracting you and you won't be learning. 嗯。Right, I've sent a message so they know now that you're with your brother, eso, hopefully someone will come and sort that out because I can still see him, Ethan, in your camera. The Oakland is deeper in some place. Eeethan, I'm not asking you to read. I'm telling your brother that he needs to leave. Okay, good. Thank you. Right? So the ocean is deeper in some places than others, and we call those different depths layers. You know, you get layers on a cake, you know, top layers and bottom layers or layers of an onion, whatever really kind of similar in the ocean, okay? Each layer has its own characteristics and a unique set of animals which live there a lot due to the amount of light that they are getting. So right at the top we have what's called the sunlight zone. And this is anywhere between zero and 200 medeep. It's about like well, the depth of a diving pool or something like that. Not not that deep at all really. Twilight zone is from 200m to 1000. The midnight zone is to 4000m. The lower midnight zone is 4000 to 6000, and the trenches is anything lower than 6000m, very, very, very long way down. Derek, I can't see you. It's all on the camera. Thank you. Okay. So this is kind of showing different zones. So we also have the abyss and the trench as well past those zones. It's also naming those. I think they should be deeper down. Okay, here we have a table which can show you. The different pressures and temperatures in each zone. Okay, so twilight zone, well, if we start with the sunlight zone, the pressure is the same as one atmosphere, so the same as a one kilogram weight on your fingernail. So if you were to imagine a one kilogram weight dropping on your fingernail, that would be quite painful, but not super, super, super you know, weighty and about twelve to 20 degrees, which is pretty cold when it comes to water. Then the twilight zone we have, you see how quickly it moves up. We have 29 to 88 atmospheres, the same as the 29, 88 kilogram on your fingernathat's, like a person standing on your fingernail, much, much more painful. Then we get to 100 to 393 atmospheres, 400 to 590 atmospheres, and up to 1000 kilograms of weight on your fingerout, a thousand atmospheres. Okay? Very, very, very strong pressure the deeper you get down into the ocean. So if you imagine all of that water is on top of you, putting pressure on you, and we can also see the temperature. What do we notice about the temperature? Andy. Again, nowhere. And my question is, why is the abyss and the trench equal? I mean, the abyss and the trench should be cold. Or why is it both zero, not one? Zero once negative one. Well, think about it. If it went into negative. What might happen? Well, what I mean, the phrase important one is negative 32 and it's so long away. I mean, if it's negative one, it's more negative. It has to be very low temperature. Like like the thing is negative 100 is smaller than negative 32. So it could be smaller than negative 32. It's it's more about just because that the water can be colder than that doesn't mean it will be Yeah so when you get to these darker zones, the abyss in the trench, the temperature, you know it's not always going to be exactly zero. These will be averages, Yeah but it's consistently kind of near that freezing range. So from you know we're talking Celsius here. Freezing is like you know one to four and Fahrenheit. It's 34, 39, I think different in Fahrenheit and Celsius, obviously. Okay, so I know it. Okay, so that will be pretty painful and I mean once you go down there, is it possible get up again because you it's like trying to put like a mouse trying to push your fingernail while there's 600 grams you can't get up again it you go so deep. No, you could not definitely know. You know it's not saying that we could go down these far. Yes, it's kind of just telling us the pressure. I think you would be squished. Okay, so. As we spoke about here, the layers all have different characteristics. Those different characteristics mean that different animals and creatures will live in those different layers. So can we name some of the creatures that live in the different layers, Andy? The blue whales live in about the twilight zone. Any of this? Some jellyfishes live in the midnight zone. Some shrimps live in the wildlife zone, some squds the above one. Yeah, Yeah. Now sometimes you know we can consider that animals are going between layers as well. So we've said blue whales in the in the twilight zone, but what do we know about whales? Can they breathe underwater? No, no. So they are often going up to the sunlight zone as well so that they can breathe. So they can go above the surface to breathe. They might also find lots of food within that sunlight zone as well. They can also hunt down here, but they will be frequently between the two. Yeah. So not all of the animals are living just within one layer, which is something important to consider. So other clues here, the sunlight zone has plants, sleek bodied fish and fast fish that hunt. Does that give anyone any clues what kind of other animals might live in the sunlight zone? Anyone else apart from Andy? Starangaandy, what did I say at the start of the lesson? Please do not shout out. Come on, William eaand, Derek, I'm sure you can name some fish that would live in the sunlight zone. It is kind of the the average fish that you will probably know the names of already. So Andy is already told us sharks, can anyone think of anything else that might live in the sunlight zone? Derek. Bfish misget up, ask you, for one thing, can you mute me for now? It's like when I put my hand up, just unmute me. But if I mute you, then I can't hear what you're saying. Okay. So did you give me a name of a fish, or did you want me to mute you? Eric, I've unmuted. You cloulowdisclowfish. Yeah good good example. Perfect. Yeah, thank you. Okay. I don't know where Ethan has gone, and now I can't see Andy either. Here I am. Thank you. Okay, Yeah dolphins another good one duls. They are also in the sunlight layers. So sunlight allows plants to grow. So plant feeders are found, as well as fast swimming hunters. Fish tend to be sleek bodied and musselly so that they can catch their prey. Then we have the twilight zone. In the twilight zone, we've obviously got no plants throwing. The fish are slower moving and they are more grazers or hunters. Does that give anybody any ideas what might be in the twilight zone? Yes, Andy, thank you for putting your hand up. Sunfish, they beat their wings very slowly. Yes, very slow moving. Good, nice. Yeah. Then we just catch a shark who's just going up to find a meal. Yeah, Yeah, very clever. Oh, ease in your back. Peter, don't have. Okay ok ok teacher. Is last. So octopus live in the twilight layers. Jellyfish squid. Red this, they are living here due to lap of sunlight. No plants grow here. Some creatures feed by filtering the water, whilst others will graze and other creatures hunt, and some will do this at speed. So quite a range of different animals living in this layer. Yes. Andy, yes. Is that the jellyfish is biluminescence, since if it were not biluminescent, itjust be black. So what kind of jellyfish is this? I don't know. I'm not sure. It looks like it's got bioluminescence to it, doesn't it? But I'm not sure. I don't really know much about different types. Luciand lucitheri mean, I know about luminescence and involves luciferin and luciferos. Yeah Yeah this is how and it when it breathes, it makes some of the oxygen and reacts with it to form light. So that's how it glows in the dark at least it just glow for a while. I mean, it won't really glow frequently because I mean, the zone doesn't have much oxygen. I mean, jellyfish can't bthe, but they can't bleed. Like Yeah Yeah, exactly. Yeah, good. Okay, then we get to the midnight zones here. We've got animals that are having to create their own light because we don't have much sunlight and they've got very small eyes because it's not important, kind of sick and wait hunters or hunters with lights. So that's like the angler fish here, very ugly looking fish. When you go down here, it has kind of its own light bulb hanging in front of its face to sort of draw the prey in towards it. Yes, Andy. And fish, Yeah, that's a big one. The strange thing is they glow, their heads glow and their bodies glow with it. I mean, it's like a big stripe with small doglowing and it's head glowing. Creepy. Okay, then we have sperm whale again, quite a strange looking fish there, too. Good. Then we get down to the abyss where there is no light. The animals have to be small due to the serious amount of pressure, no eyes usually, and they're mainly feeding on dead matter. So any dead marine creatures that end up falling to the bottom layers, they will be feeding off of those. So like a sea star. Any other examples? Anyone? Andy? Sorry to that again. Oh, yes. The conap and the disco clam. Oh, disco clam, that sounds fun. Yeah, I'm it's a book. It's a book set up. I have tiny reflective hairs that flash and trkton. This is a scientific fact. Plankton do not resist this. O, Oh, they they like to have a party. I guess when you're down at this, there's nothing more exciting to do, is there? You may as well have a disco. Spider crabs, that's another one. It's not coming up with lots more on here, but down here there is no light whatsoever. So often creatures will not have eyes and are sometimes transparent. They are likely to be small due to the pressure of the water above. Creatures tend to move very little, have very low metabolic rates, and feed on dead matter from above. Then finally, we get to the trench. This is the ocean floor. It is freezing and pitch black. We have cube worms, which are an interesting type of animal, I guess, a type of worm, even though it looks more like a plant. What else, Andy? Worms are heat resistant. They can stand up to 2000 degrees Celsius. That's how the adapted. I mean, something has to survive in the deep ocean and feed on the hydrogen so far released by the hydrothermic vent. Yeah. I mean, I something has to eat it. I mean, otherwise our atmosphere would be like, joke, joke. Yeah even though they seem kind of crazy and you know ugly and a bit strange, they're really important to our general sort of ecosystem, aren't they? Yeah. Anyone else know any animals or plants that are living down this layer? Andy. Maybe coral, any coral here? Probably is some coral, but mainly that's in the shallower parts, isn't it? Here we've also got some a rat tail fish and a liparid fish. So the trench can be up to eleven, zero mebelow the surface. And this zone can only be explored using specialist scientific equipment. The temperature is near freezing. Some fish live in this zone, such as rat tail fish and liparid fish. And it says, did you know the deepest part of the ocean is in the Mariana Trench? You might have heard of that name before. It's quite famous. It is almost eleven, zero medeep. It's called Challenger Deep. Would be very, very cold down there. Derek and Ethan. I've just sent a picture of this classroom showing your names with no faces on it. Derek. Derek and Ethan, why are your cameras both pointing to the ceiling? How am I supposed to know that you are listening if your camera is like this? I like to be able to see my students when they're in my lesson. Thank you. Now Ethan has left. The ocean is salty because of this. I mean, the hydrothermal venmake the water into salty molecule. Sorry, Andy. Ethan, I still can't see you. Everybody else in the class, William and Andy, are able and me are able to sit with our cameras on our faces, the whole lesson, so that I know that they're listening and that they can see me when I'm talking. Ethan. Okay, well, I've sent a message showing, thank you, Derek, for now having your face in the camera. Please leave it like that. Ethan, I've sent a message that you're refusing to put your face on the camera. Okay, so as we just talking about the Mariana trenthe deepest place on earth and it is over, I mean it's very far away from me. I'm here, so I'm not sure I'll be going there anytime soon, but it is 11000 medeep. There are some very strange creatures there that you know we're still discovering the creatures that are down this deep. For example, the Dumbo octopus is looks quite cute, doesn't it? But it's actually very lethal. You know, it's they're still very dangerous, even if they look cute. We have comb jellies. That's a very small picture there. They illuminate, create a very beautiful sort of visual light display. Yes, Andy, kind of the kind of creature that lures fish using poison cograi mean, it releases it releases its tentacles, which have poisonous pieces of small digestive mean. I mean, like it's just a meat slashand fish. When fish are it, they get poisoned and the the creature equgerly consumes it. You any creature? Gosh, I would not want to meet one of those. Yeah, horrible. They're we also have these a Benther code on jellyfish. It's very beautiful as well. Very interesting. I'm actually going to show you a little video. So this is a video showing you some creatures that live in the midnight zone of the deep sea. So you'll see just how unusual they look. The opportunity to explore the deep sea is one of the most exciting things I've ever done. It's fun. It's always surprising. I' M Bruce Robeson. I'm a senior scientist at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. When most people think of the deep sea, they think of the bottom, the deep sea floor. But on average, there's two and a half miles of water above the deep sea floor throughout the world ocean. That's what we refer to as the ocean's midwaters. People often talk about how harsh the midwater habitat is, but it's important to remember that the animals who live there are perfectly adapted to all of those physical challenges. Not the least of which is coping with 24 hours of darkness. Many animals have extremely large eyes. Owlfish, for example, have really eyes that scavenge light from any direction. On the other hand, animals like the whale fish have tiny little eyes. A great portion of their awareness of what's happening around them is not sight, but rather feeling minute vibrations in the water. We could imagine what must it be like not to see what's going on around you, but to feel it instead. Down in the dark waters of the deep ocean, opportunities to feed are few and far between. So many animals have adapted ways to take advantage of every opportunity to feed that comes along. Animals like gulpers and swallowers have jaws that can be unhinged, that are able to eat prey as large or even larger than themselves. Anglifish are wonderfully bizarre animals. They have a fishing pole that sticks out of their forehead. If they can draw in a potential prey item, all have to is throw open that big mouth quickly, and all of the water, including the prey, is sucked in. We have barely scratched the surface in terms of understanding what's out there, how it's put together and how it works. Okay. So I thought that video really helps you to really see the kind of creatures, you know, not just looking at the cartoon images we've been looking at on these PowerPoints, you know, it really shows you how bizarre and different they are when you go down to those midnight zones, you know and that's preaches in this zone, the midnight zone. So, you know, even you imagine how different they look in the even deeper layers down here. Yes, Andy. We saw a vampire squid, which is like pretty shy when it sees something coming closer, just wraps around like. Yeah, I guess btail ils throw saand very good. I bet they don't probably like to see many humans in their home, do they? Okay, so I'm going to give you this task to everyone. So you have some animals at the bottom and each of the layers, can you match up the animals to a layer of the ocean for me please? So you can just draw a line to which one they go to. A piece and this goes. Yes. And. Are you okay, Derek? Oh, yours has disappeared. Hang on mine. Just hang on, everybody. I just need to get derecks back. So I'm just going to be moving it to the side for a second. There you go, Derek. I just give that one more minute. Okay. I'm going to see if I can have look. Okay, so this dolphin anddy should actually be there. Starfish you've got a starfish in Yeah in both. That's fine stuff his fish in abyss. Crab? Yeah. This needs to stretch all the way to the trench. The squid squid is here. Can't quite see because it's a little bit messy. Yes. Yes, I think that's fine. What I'll do is I'll just show the answers. Looks good. Yeah. This one sunlight zone, this one twilight zone. William, right. I'm just going to show the answers because it's getting a bit messy with all the all the lines going everywhere. But well done. Everyone one's giving it a good go. So if you see here, starfish, abyss, crab, also abyss, these are all sort of cube worms, whatever they were called. Trench octopus in the twilight zone, dolphin sunlight zone, angglofish midnight zone, the gusunlight zone, squid twilight zone, sperm well midnight zone, jellyfish twilight zone, and this fish sunlight zone. Okay, good right? I'm not sure we'll do the word search. It might have a different task for us to have a go act. No. What is the big deal about this? The poll is on the board. Okay, there are five layers of the ocean. Hold on if you got that. Hey, which layer is warm? I think that's an easy one, isn't it? Have a think, William, the clues in the name. I would say you're looking for the warm layer. Which one of these do you think it's going to be? Good, well done the sunlight and little. Okay, what meets light in the midnight zone? The sun. Doesn't. Good. Well done. Yeah, the fun to travel down that part is the animals which are producing the light. Okay, which layer is called the ocean floor? Hey, it is actually the trench. So well done, Derek and William for getting that the trench is the bottom and a like a trench or something, trenches. No sunlight can get this layer, so it is pitch. What? Good, nice. Okay, we will do a few more tasks to finish, try a few writing tasks. We haven't really done many of these. Mom. Raw only. Okay. I've got three questions for you to answer for me on a text tboard. So you've got wider animals that live in the twilight zone, often have big eyes. What's the deepest part of the ocean chord? And if you could visit any low ocean, low, I can't even speak about a ocean layer safely. Which would you most like to explore? You okay, Andy, I am okay. Okay, you just sent hello in the chat box. Yeah I just hello Oh okay hello. Thank you, Derek started writing. That's good. Thank you, William. Good. And thank you, Andy. Nice. Because there's very. Yes. Really? No. Tonight. Zone. Make. Sure you explain why as well, Andy. Because I would love to see the very Andy in your answer. Can you explain it in your answer? Thank you, Derek. Just don't forget your capital letters, Yeah, full stop, things like that. William are. You still here? Very. Cool. There we go, William. Go, William. Okay, cool. Okay, okay. The same with you, Andy capletter. Same with you, Andy capletter, Oh, no p, no p needle. Who is it that I'm peting on? Oh, I can't hear anymore because there are very cool creatures. Yeah, good. Same here because there is very little light. So maybe you can explain, Andy. So they need bigger eyes to see clearly. Yeah, that's explaining why they've got big guys. Good, Derek William just finishing his. Then we'll share our answers. Warm sunlight zone nice. You're the only one to pick that, William. Just make sure you explain why. Okay. I think we'll just leave that there, William McKay, because I'm not sure if you're writing your answer. So Andy says they need bigger eyes and there's very little light. Good. The deepest part of the ocean. So we've all said the trench. I meant specifically that deepest part that we talked about. Can you remember it started with an m, the name them and remember the name of it. It was the marinara trench. It's all the m Maliana in Chinese. Yeah in Mariana Trench. So that's what I meant by like the deepest part and not the deepest layer, the deepest part of the ocean and the whole earth. And Andy would like to visit the midnight zone because there are very cool creatures. Good. Yet Derek has the same trench because it has more secrets for discovering. So William says, the sunlight zone, you only want to have a different answer. William, can you just tell us why you had a different answer? Why would you want to go to the sunlight zone? Because it's more near to the ground and it will be easy to get back up. Oh Yeah, you're thinking more practically, aren't you? Yeah, I'd still like to see the sunlight zone as well. There's lots of beautiful, colorful fish there. Maybe I'd prefer to see the colourful, beautiful fish instead of the strange other a fish down the deep depths. Okay, well done everybody. It was lovely to see you again. Good work. Next lesson I can't on which one it is. Next lesson natbut will be something completely different. Again, thank you for doing a bit of writing at the end there as well, which you know is a bit different from last week. I hope you all enjoy the rest of your weekends and I'll see you next Saturday. Thank you very much. Bye bye. I need to go to my next lesson, Andy. I'm sorry. I've got another student waiting for me. If you can, maybe you can send it in the chat box for me and I can read it. Yeah, sorry about that. Bye. Thank you.